Protein Synthesis (chpt 14)

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9 Terms

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Protein synthesis

Process of building proteins out of amino acids

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Triplet

Sequence of three bases on DNA/RNA that codes for a particular amino acid

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Steps in Protein Synthesis

  1. Genes: stored in nucleus

  2. Transcription: DNA is unzipped by enzyme DNA helicase and complementary bases enter nucleus from cytoplasm and automatically fit to their bases. RNA polymerase forms mRNA strand, then DNA strands rejoin.

  3. Movement of mRNA: mRNA leaves nucleus and move to ribosomes (made of rRNA and protein)

  4. tRNA: Anticodon and amino acid attached to tRNA. brings amino acids to ribosome

  5. Translation: ribosome moves along mRNA, comes across start codon which begins assembly. tRNA w complementary anticodon places appropriate amino acids in sequnce, amino acids join together into peptide bond. When ribosome reaches stop codon, stops synthesis. Protein folds into correct shape and distributes.

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Gene Expression

Gene is switched on and synthesises its product, usually a protein

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Complementary

Each base has a different corresponding base

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Transcription

Making of mRNA using DNA as a template

<p>Making of mRNA using DNA as a template</p>
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Codon

Sequence of three bases on mRNA/DNA

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Anticodon

Sequence of three bases on tRNA

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Translation

Making protein using the mRNA code

<p>Making protein using the mRNA code</p>