Anatomy & Physiology

Hell

Plane def

Imaginary flat slice

Coronal (frontal) plane

Separates front from back

Transverse plane

Separates top from bottom

Sagittal plane

Separates left from right

Cross section

A transverse slice

Superior

The head end

Inferior

The tail end

Anterior

The front side

Posterior

The back side

Lateral

Away from the midline

Medial

Toward the midline

All cells have

Cytoplasm

DNA

Ribosomes

Membrane

Cell def

The smallest living thing

Tissue def

A group of cells working together to do a job

Intracellular

Inside a cell

Extracellular

Outside a cell

Interstitial fluid

Fluid in between cells

Intravascular fluid

Fluid located inside blood vessels

Membrane

Thin layer of film in the body

Simple def

Single

Epi def

Upon/above

Epithelium def

Tissue that lines surfaces in the body

Columnar def

Tall, column shaped cells

Oid def

Looks like

4 Main tissue types

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Simple squamous epithelium

One layer of flat cells,

Lines blood vessels,

Attaches to basement membrane

Simple cuboidal epithelium

One layer

Cube shaped

Cells

Simple smooth columnar epithelium

One layer

Tall

Smooth

Cells

Ciliated columnar epithelium

More than one layer

Of cells

Fluid moves in one direction

Simple epithelium

One layer of cells

Stratified epithelium

Two or more layers of cells

Pseudostratified epithelium

One layer of cells,

but not all same height

Transitional epithelium

Cells

change shape as tissue stretches (bladder lining)

Keratinized tissue

Dead cells

Cytoplasm replaced with keratin

Forming waterproof layer

Etymology

Study of words origins

Cyto Def

Cell

Blast Def

Immature cell or tissue

Pseudo

Fake/false

Osteo

Bone

Connective tissue (ex)

Fibrous connective tissue

Adipose tissue

Supporting connective tissue

Fibrous connective tissue def

Made of protein fibers called collagen and cells called fibroblasts

Fibrous connective tissue (ex)

Ligament - muscle to muscle

Tendon - bone to muscle

Inner layer of skin

Sclera - the white outer layer of the eye

Adipose tissue

Fat tissue

Supporting connective tissue def

Gives shape to the body and holds it together

Supporting connective tissue (ex)

Bone

Cartilage

Osteon

The functional unit of bone

Muscle tissue def

Tissue that contract to move

Types of muscle tissue

Striated muscle

Smooth muscle

Striated muscle

Striped muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac)

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle cells (digestive tract, uterus)

Neuron def

One nerve cell

Nervous tissue def

Cells that transmit nerve signals

Every Neuron has

Cell body

Dendrites

Axon

Axon

Part of the neuron that transmits the signal

Myelin sheath

Fatty coating on the axon that speeds up signals

Dendrites

Part of the neuron that receives the signal

Neuron signal flow

Dendrites receive - cell body processes - axon sends

Nervous tissue ex

Unipolar

Bipolar

Pseudounipolar

Multipolar

Motor neuron

Sensory neuron

Interneuron

Unipolar neuron

A neuron with one process (arm) extending from the cell body

Bipolar neuron

A neuron with two processes extending from the cell body

Pseudounipolar neuron

A neuron with one process that splits into two branches

Multipolar neuron

A neuron with multiple dendrites and one axon

Motor neuron

Carries signals into the brain/spinal cord

Sensory neuron

Carries signals out to muscles

Interneuron

Connects neurons to each other

Peri def

Around/surrounding

Bones in human body

206

What bones do

Allow movement

Protect and support organs

Produce blood cells

Store minerals

Bone Tissues Layers

Periosteum

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Periosteum

Membrane surrounding bone

Compact bone

Dense, Outer layer of bone

Spongy bone

Porous, Inner layer of bone

Non-bone skeletal tissue

Cartilage

Ligaments

Long bone (ex)

Arm

Leg

Finger digits

Sesamoid bone (ex)

Kneecap (patella)

Short bone (ex)

Carpals

Tarsals

Flat bone (ex)

Cranial bones

Ribs

Sternum

Scapula

Irregular bone (ex)

Vertebrae

Skeletal System

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton parts

Skull

Vertebral column

Thoracic cage

Laryngeal skeleton

Appendicular skeleton parts

Shoulder girdle

Upper limb

Pelvic girdle

Lower limb

Axial skeleton def

The central core of the skeleton 80 bones

Appendicular skeleton def

the skeleton of the limbs 126 bones

Skull

22 bones

Sutures

Joints where skull bones come together

Cranial bones (ex)

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Sphenoid

Frontal

Ethmoid

Parietal bone

Roof of skull

Occipital bone

Back of head

Temporal bone

Next to ears

Frontal bone

Front of skull

Sphenoid bone

Base of skull

Ethmoid bone

Between the eyes

Foramen magnum

Big hole opening in the occipital bone

Condyle

2 bones that rotate relative to one another

Facial skeleton

Skull bones that aren't cranial bones

Mandible

Jaw

Maxilla

Top jaw

Palatine

Root of mouth

Vomer

Middle nasal cavity

Lacrimal

Inner corner of eye