Deforestation & Land Use

What is deforestation?

The large-scale removal of trees from forested areas.

Why are forests cleared?

To create land for agriculture, livestock farming, housing and other developments.

How can deforestation reduce biodiversity?

It destroys habitats and removes resources needed by species.

How does deforestation affect atmospheric carbon dioxide?

It reduces carbon dioxide uptake by photosynthesis and can release stored carbon.

How can burning cleared vegetation affect the atmosphere?

It releases carbon dioxide and other gases.

How can deforestation affect soil?

Removing roots and vegetation can increase soil erosion.

Why do tree roots help prevent soil erosion?

They bind soil particles together.

How can deforestation increase flooding?

Reduced interception and water uptake may increase surface runoff.

How can deforestation affect the water cycle?

It can reduce transpiration and alter rainfall and runoff patterns.

What is peat?

Partially decomposed plant material accumulated in waterlogged conditions.

How does peat form?

Plant material accumulates where decomposition is slow because oxygen is limited.

Why are peatlands important carbon stores?

They contain large amounts of carbon in partially decomposed organic matter.

How can peat extraction affect biodiversity?

It destroys or damages specialised peatland habitats.

How can draining peatlands increase carbon dioxide emissions?

Exposed peat undergoes faster aerobic decomposition, releasing carbon dioxide.

Why is using peat in garden compost environmentally controversial?

Peat extraction can damage habitats and release stored carbon.

What is a peat-free compost?

A growing medium made without extracted peat, using alternative materials.

How does increasing human population affect land use?

More land may be needed for food production, housing and infrastructure.

Why does land use create conflicts between people and wildlife?

Human development can reduce or fragment natural habitats.

What is habitat fragmentation?

The division of a large habitat into smaller, isolated areas.

Why can habitat fragmentation reduce biodiversity?

It can isolate populations and restrict access to resources and mates.