Lesson 2: Exploration 8th grade

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the "Old World" and the "New World" is called what

For which country did Christopher Columbus sail and claim land

Spain

Settlers in the Spanish borderlands were mostly what

soldiers and Catholic priests.

How did Christopher Columbus's voyages inspire Europeans

by letting them see the potential for settling and gaining riches from the new lands.

What helped Spanish conquistadors defeat the Aztec empire

A large number of Aztecs dying from European disease

Why did different countries want a new sea route between Europe and Asia

because they sought quicker, more efficient ways of locating the wealth and riches that reportedly existed in China.

During the 1500s, Spanish conquistadors conquered Mexico and most of what other area

Mexico and most of South America.

What is a conquistador

a Spanish soldier-explorer, especially those who conquered the native peoples of Mexico and Peru.

What was the relationship like between the Native Americans and the French

They were trading partners.

What was the relationship like between Spanish settlers and Native Americans

the Spanish settlers initially learned about the desert from Native Americans, but ultimately enslaved and abused them.

Christopher Columbus's four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to what

an exchange of people, food, and germs between Europe and the Americans.

French explorers were sent to the New World to locate what

The Northwest Passage

Name one area that French explorers claimed. Why was this area difficult to settle

St.Lawrence River, Quebec in Canada- harsh winter, Mississippi River, and the Louisiana Territory

What valuable item did French traders find that became a hot fashion item and an extremely profitable commodity

Beaver fur

What nickname was given to the first winter the Jamestown colonists endured

Starving Time

What was the only clue left behind that offered an explanation of what happened at Roanoke

The word "CROATOAN" carved into a post

Where is Roanoke Island located

North Carolina

What was one of the lessons from Roanoke

colonization will only work if England regularly offers support in the form of more people, more supplies and shipments of food

What happened to the colony started on Roanoke Island

John White established a colony in 1587 off the coast of present-day North Carolina. He then sailed back to England to get more supplies. Because of a war between Spain and England, he was not able to return to Roanoke for 3 yrs. When he returned, all 117 men had vanished. "CROATOAN" on a doorpost was the only clue left behind.

In what modern day state is Jamestown located

Virginia

Wherever Europeans settled in the Americas, Native Americans:

died out in large numbers from disease.

How did Pocahontas help the settlers of Jamestown to survive in the New World

by bringing food and keeping peace between the colonists and her people.

After being taken over from by the English in 1664, New Netherland was renamed what

New York

What kind of reputation did Peter Stuyvesant have as the governor of New Amsterdam

a strict and grouchy leader, but he was a strong leader who remained in power for 17 years.

Hernan Cortes:Where did he explore

Mexico

Cortes: goals/result

looking for gold/glory, Aztec capital-Tenochtitlan, mistook him for an Aztec god, lots of metal armor, conquered capital with help from other Indians and disease, pulled down the city and used the stone to build Mexico City

Coronado: Where did he explore

Southwest of present day United States

Coronado: goals/result

goal-find the legendary golden cities, found a pueblo that de Niza (priest) thought was it, sent priest home, went to the Great Plains before giving up the search, "The 7 cities are 7 little villages."

Francisco Pizarro: Where did he explore

South America (Peru)

Pizarro: goals/result

smallpox helped conquer South America, attacked Incas, captured ruler Atahualpa and would exchange him for gold, received gold but killed him anyway, conquered most of South America

Ponce de Leon: Where did he explore

Florida

de Leon: goals/result

one of the 1st Spanish expeditions into North America, sailed with Columbus to Caribbean and Puerto Rico and found gold, wanted to find the fountain of youth, set up a colony in Florida, Indians used poison arrows to drive them away, died from an arrow

Why was the land surrounding Jamestown such a problem for the colonists

The land surrounding Jamestown was a problem for the colonists because it was swampy, and the colony was infested with insects like mosquitoes.

How did the Dutch in New Netherland prosper

by trading guns for furs with the powerful Iroquois Confederacy.