LSW Theories

What is Erikson's Stages of Development?

Eight sequential phases of human growth from infancy to late adulthood, where each stage centers on a specific conflict that shapes identity and personality

Which is Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development?

Four distinct sequential stages describing how children's thinking abilities, reasoning, and intelligence evolve from birth through adulthood

What is Bowlby and Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory?

A psychological framework stating that early emotional bonds between infants and primary caregivers shape a person's trust, emotional regulation, and relationship patterns throughout life

What is Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development?

the performance gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable person. The concept shows that learning is a social process and that traditional testing only measures past achievements rather than future potential.

What is the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

(0-2 years) explore the world through senses and actions. Development: object permanence and stranger anxiety

What is the preoperational stage in Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

(2-7 years) use inuitive rather than logical reasoning; believe inanimate objects possess human feelings/emotions. Development: pretend play, egocentrism

What is the concrete operational stage in Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

(7-11) think logically and understand analogies but only about concrete events. Development: conservatism, mathematical transformations

What is the formal operational stage in Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

(12+ years) use abstract reasoning, consider logical possibilities, and systematically examine/test hypotheses. Development: abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning

What is the trust vs mistrust stage in Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?

(0-18 months) Learning whether the world is safe and reliable

What is the autonomy vs shame & doubt stage in Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?

(18 months - 3 years) Developing self-control and independence through doing

What is the initiative vs guilt stage in Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?

(3-6 years) goal-setting and purposeful exploration without fear

What is the industry vs inferiority stage in Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?

(6-12 years) Student reworking a failed assignment after feedback

What is the identity versus role confusion in Erickson‘s psychosocial stages?

(12-18 years) teen exploring different roles, interests, and belief systems

What is the intimacy versus isolation in Erickson‘s psychosocial stages?

(Young adulthood) Young adults sustaining a deep authentic partnership

What is the generative versus stagnation in Erickson‘s psychosocial stages?

(Middle adulthood) Manager genuinely mentoring a junior colleague

What is ego integrity versus despair in Erickson‘s psychosocial stages?

(Late adulthood) Elder reflecting on choices without bitterness or regret