Ch. 21-A Blood vessels & circulation

What is the name of the artery labeled # 1

Vertebral artery

What is the name of the artery labeled # 2

Thoracic Aorta

What is the name of the artery labeled # 3

Superior phrenic

What is the name of the artery labeled # 4

Inferior phrenic

What is the name of the artery labeled # 5

Celiac trunk

What is the name of the artery labeled # 6

Intercostal artery

What is the name of the artery labeled # 7

Axillary

What is the name of the artery labeled # 8

Left Subclavian

What is the name of the artery labeled # 9

Common Carotids

Which branches of the Aortic arch help deliver blood to the head, neck, shoulders and upper limbs?

Brachiocephalic trunk

What makes up how the Subclavian Arteries flow down to the wrist?

Flows from: Thoracic Cavity, Axillary art., Brachial art., Radial art. & Ulnar art., Superficial and Deep Palmar branches, and Digital Arteries

What does the Superficial and Deep palmar branches supply blood to?

Digital arteries in the fingers

Which arteries in the Thoracic Aorta supply blood to the organs of the chest?

Bronchial, Pericardial, Esophageal, and Mediastinal Arteries

What arteries from the Thoracic Aorta supply blood to chest wall?

Intercostal & Superior Phrenic arteries

What is the blood vessel layer: Tunica Intima?

Innermost layer; contains endothelial lining (s. squamous layer = less friction for blood) and internal elastic membrane (alot of elastic fibers)

What is the blood vessel layer: Tunica Media?

Middle layer; contains of concentric sheets of smooth muscle and external elastic membrane (thin band of elastic fibers = separates media from externa)

What is the blood vessel layer: Tunica Externa (Tunica Adventitia)?

Outermost layer; contains connective tissue and Vasa vasorum (small arteries/veins in walls of large vessels, supplies cells blood onto Media and Externa)

What are some differences between Arteries & Veins?

Arteries are thicker with more smooth muscle & elastic fibers in T. Media, keep circular shape
Veins collapse, have large lumen, and have valves to prevent backflow

How much of the blood volume does the Systemic Circuit contains to supply the entire body?

84%

What is the artery labeled #1

Radial artery

What is the artery labeled #2

Ulnar

What is the structure labeled #3

Deep Palmar Arch

What is the name of the structure labeled #4

Superficial Palmar Arch

What is the name of the structure labeled #5

Digital Arteries

What is the name of the artery labeled [1]

Superior Phrenic artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [2]

Inferior Phrenic artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [3]

Common Hepatic artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [4]

Suprarenal

What is the name of the artery labeled [5]

Right Common Iliac artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [6]

External Iliac artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [7]

Internal Iliac artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [8]

Terminal Segment of the Aorta

What is the name of the artery labeled [9]

Gonadal artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [10]

Abdominal Aorta

What is the name of the artery labeled [11]

Superior Mesenteric artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [12]

Celiac Trunk artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [? 3.]

Inferior Mesenteric artery

What is the downward order of blood flow of the Abdominal Aorta?

Celiac trunk → Superior Mesenteric art. → R/L Renal art. → Inferior Mesenteric art.

What is the name of the artery labeled [1]

Internal Iliac Artery [leg pic]

What is the name of the artery labeled [2]

Deep Femoral artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [3]

External Iliac artery [leg pic]

What is the name of the artery labeled [4]

Superior Gluteal artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [5]

Femoral artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [6]

Popliteal artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [7]

Anterior Tibial artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [8]

Posterior Tibial artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [9]

Fibular artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [10]

Dorsalis Pedis artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [11]

Lateral Plantar artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [12]

Medial Plantar artery

What is the name of the artery labeled [13]

Dorsal arch

What is the name of the artery labeled [14]

Plantar arch

What is the order for the blood flow of the Femoral artery to foot?

Common Iliac → External Iliac → Femoral → Popliteal → Anterior & Posterior Tibial → Dorsalis pedis → Dorsal arch

The Popliteal artery branches to form what?

Posterior & Anterior Tibial arteries

What does the Anterior Tibial artery help form?

Dorsalis pedis → Dorsal arch

What does the Posterior Tibial artery help form in the foot?

Medial plantar & Lateral plantar→ to form Plantar arch

What does the Posterior Tibial Artery give rise to?

Fibular artery

What does each Common Carotid Arteries divide into?

2 main branches:

• External

• Internal

What does the (Common Carotid) External Carotid Artery supply blood to?

Blood to neck, lower jaw and face

What does the (Common Carotid) Internal Carotid Artery supply blood to?

Enters the skull to deliver blood to Brain

What does the Internal Carotid Artery divide further into?

3 branches:

• Ophthalmic artery

• Anterior Cerebral artery

• Middle Cerebral artery

What does the L & R Vertebral arteries fuse to make?

Basilar artery

What does the Basilar artery branch to form?

Posterior Cerebral arteries

What does the Posterior Cerebral arteries then become?

Posterior Communicating arteries

Within the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis), what does it interconnect with?

Internal Carotid Arteries & Basilar Artery

Where do strokes most commonly occur in?

Middle Cerebral Artery

What are Small Veins known for to do in the body?

Control body temperature

How many sets of arteries do we have?

1; they are Deep

How many sets of veins do we have?

2; 1 deep and 1 superficial

Within vertebral, internal and external jugular veins, what is the order from medial to lateral?

Internal jugular → External Jugular → Vertebral vein

What is the name of the sinus labeled [1]

Cavernous Sinus (Circle of Willis)

What is the name of the sinus labeled [2]

Petrosal Sinus

What is the name of the sinus labeled [3]

Sigmoid Sinus

What is the name of the sinus labeled [4]

Transverse Sinus

What is the name of the sinus labeled [5]

Straight Sinus

What does R/L Internal Jugular veins collect blood from?

Brain (Deep) and Face (Superficial)

Where does R/L Internal Jugular AND R/L Vertebral veins empty blood to?

into the Brachiocephalic veins

Together, where does Azygos and Hemiazygos veins recieve blood from?

Intercostal veins, Esophageal veins, and Mediastinal + Lumbar areas

Where does the Azygos vein drain its blood to?

into the Superior Vena cava

Where does the Hemiazygos vein drain its blood to?

into the Left Brachiocephalic vein

What is the function of the Hepatic Portal Vein in the Liver?

Delivers blood to the Liver

• transports nutrients for storage or metabolism

• stabilizes blood concentration of nutrients, after food intake

Where does the Hepatic Portal Vein collect its blood from?

Superior/Inferior Mesenteric veins, Splenic vein, and R/L Gastric veins

• also Cystic vein

What does the Cystic Vein collect blood from?

Gallbladder

In the Femoral veins, what is the order from Medial to Lateral?

Great Saphenous → Femoral → Deep Femoral → Femoral Circumflex

Where does the Popliteal Vein collect blood from?

Fibular, Posterior Tibial and Anterior Tibial veins

What makes up the Dorsal Venous Arch?

superficial arch that drains into the Great & Small Saphenous veins

What makes up the Plantar Venous Arch?

deep arch that is made up from the Posterior Tibial vein

What does the Dorsal Venous arch collect blood from?

the superior surface of the foot and Digital veins

Where does the Dorsal Venous arch drains its blood to?

Great & Small Saphenous veins

What is Patent Foramen Ovale?

birth defect that Foramen Ovale remains open after birth

• left-to-right shunt

• blood recirculates through pulmonary circuit instead of L. ventricle

• blood moves from L → R Atrium

• L. Ventricle works harder than usual

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

birth defect that causes blood forced into systemic circuit through Ductus Arteriosus

• right-to-left shunt

• blood is not oxygenated properly & is deep red color

• blue tone skin (cyanosis) = “blue baby”

What is Ventricular Septal Defect?

Most common congenital heart problem!

• opening in the interventricular septum

• heart works harder to send blood into Systemic circuit

What is Atrioventricular Septal Defect?

Both atria & ventricles are incompletely separated!

• most commonly affects infants with Down Syndrome