allied 11th grade diseases

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Description: An inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane lining the eyelid and eye surface. It causes eye redness, itching, discharge, and a crusty buildup around the eyelids, especially after sleeping. Transmission: Direct or indirect Contact (contact with infected eye discharge or contaminated objects/surfaces).

Coxsackie (Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease)

Description: A viral infection common in young children that causes a mild fever and sores. It presents as painful red blisters or spots in the mouth, on the palms of the hands, and on the soles of the feet. Transmission: Direct Contact (blister fluid, stool), Droplet (respiratory secretions).

Ebola

Description: A severe, often fatal viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus. Symptoms include high fever, severe weakness, muscle pain, and visible bleeding or bruising under the skin or from bodily openings. Transmission: Direct Contact (exposure to blood or body fluids of an infected person or animal).

E. Coli

Description: A bacterial infection causing gastrointestinal illness, severe stomach cramps, and diarrhea that often becomes bloody. The affected individual generally looks acutely ill, pale, and dehydrated. Transmission: Direct or indirect Contact (ingestion of contaminated food/water, fecal-oral route).

Hep A

Description: A short-term liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, pale stools, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Transmission: Direct or indirect Contact (ingestion of contaminated food/water, fecal-oral route).

Hep B

Description: A liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus that can become chronic. Symptoms include yellowing of the eyes/skin (jaundice), abdominal swelling, fatigue, and dark urine. Transmission: Direct Contact (exposure to infectious blood, semen, or other body fluids).

Hep C

Description: A bloodborne viral liver infection that often leads to chronic liver disease. It typically presents with mild or no early symptoms, but late stages show severe jaundice, easy bruising, and fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Transmission: Direct Contact (blood-to-blood contact).

Herpes Simplex

Description: A viral infection that causes recurrent, painful fluid-filled blisters or open sores around the lips/mouth (oral herpes) or genital region (genital herpes). These lesions eventually crust over and heal. Transmission: Direct Contact (skin-to-skin contact with infected lesions, saliva, or genital secretions).

HIV (standard)

Description: A virus that attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS if untreated. Early infection often resembles a flu-like illness with swollen lymph nodes and a subtle rash, while advanced cases involve severe weight loss and opportunistic infections. Transmission: Direct Contact (exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk).

Influenza (Flu)

Description: A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Individuals appear acutely ill with high fever, visible fatigue, flushed skin, watery eyes, and continuous coughing. Transmission: Droplet (respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing), Contact (touching contaminated surfaces).

Malaria

Description: A life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. Symptoms include recurring high fevers, severe shaking chills, profuse sweating, and a pale or jaundiced appearance. Transmission: Vector-borne (via Anopheles mosquito bites); rare transmission via Direct Contact with infected blood.

Measles

Description: A highly contagious viral respiratory disease that causes a characteristic flat, red maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading down the body, accompanied by high fever, runny nose, and red eyes with white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots). Transmission: Airborne (respiratory aerosols that linger in the air), Droplet.

Monkeypox (Mpox)

Description: A rare viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus. It features a distinct rash that progresses from flat spots to raised bumps, painful fluid-filled blisters, and pus-filled lesions that eventually scab over. Transmission: Direct Contact (lesions, body fluids, contaminated clothing/linens), Droplet (prolonged face-to-face interaction).

Tuberculosis

Description: A serious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, leading to a chronic, persistent cough that often produces blood. Individuals often appear visibly pale, weak, and significantly underweight due to 'consumption'. Transmission: Airborne (inhalation of microscopic droplet nuclei dispersed in the air by coughing or talking).

Norovirus

Description: A highly contagious virus causing sudden gastroenteritis with severe, watery diarrhea and persistent vomiting. Affected individuals appear lethargic, severely dehydrated, and visibly weak. Transmission: Direct or indirect Contact (fecal-oral route, ingestion of contaminated food/water, touching infected surfaces).

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Description: A severe bacterial respiratory infection characterized by violent, rapid coughing fits followed by a high-pitched 'whoop' sound when inhaling. Patients often appear red-faced or cyanotic (blue-tinged) during coughing episodes. Transmission: Droplet (respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing).

Polio

Description: A disabling and life-threatening viral disease that can infect the central nervous system. In severe cases, it causes visible muscle weakness, floppiness, or irreversible paralysis, particularly in the legs. Transmission: Direct Contact (fecal-oral route, contact with infected stool or oral secretions).

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Description: A common respiratory virus causing mild cold-like symptoms in adults but severe lower respiratory tract illness in infants. It presents with intense wheezing, rapid breathing, severe nasal congestion, and visible nostril flaring. Transmission: Droplet (coughing/sneezing), Contact (touching contaminated objects/surfaces).

Rhinovirus

Description: The predominant cause of the common cold, causing mild upper respiratory tract symptoms. Affected individuals display a red or swollen nose, frequent sneezing, watery eyes, and clear nasal discharge. Transmission: Droplet (respiratory droplets), Contact (touching contaminated hands or surfaces).

Salmonella

Description: A bacterial infection affecting the intestinal tract, resulting in sudden diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. The patient typically appears acutely unwell, flushed, and shows signs of dehydration. Transmission: Direct or indirect Contact (ingestion of contaminated food/water, contact with infected animals or fecal matter).

Scabies

Description: A skin infestation caused by microscopic mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrow into the upper skin layer. It produces intense nighttime itching and a rash featuring tiny, pimple-like bumps and visible burrow lines, commonly between fingers and in skin folds. Transmission: Direct Contact (prolonged, direct skin-to-skin contact).

Tinea

Description: A fungal skin infection that forms a characteristic circular, red, and itchy rash with raised edges and clearer skin in the center. It can affect various body parts, including the scalp, feet (athlete's foot), or groin (jock itch). Transmission: Direct Contact (skin-to-skin contact with infected humans/animals), indirect Contact (contaminated objects like towels, clothing, or surfaces).

Varicella Zoster

Description: A highly contagious viral infection causing an extremely itchy, widespread rash of red spots that develop into fluid-filled blisters before scabbing over. Transmission: Airborne, Droplet, and Direct Contact (contact with fluid from the blisters).

Herpes Zoster

Description: A reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus causing a painful, localized skin rash that typically appears as a single stripe or band of fluid-filled blisters on one side of the torso or face. Transmission: Direct Contact (contact with fluid from open shingles blisters); Airborne/Droplet (if severe or disseminated).

Strep A

Description: A bacterial infection causing conditions like strep throat or scarlet fever. Strep throat shows a bright red, inflamed throat with enlarged, pus-streaked tonsils; scarlet fever adds a red, sandpaper-like skin rash. Transmission: Droplet (respiratory droplets), Direct Contact (contact with infected skin lesions or sores).

COVID

Description: A respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus ranging from mild upper-respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia. Affected individuals may display coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, flushed skin, or loss of taste and smell. Transmission: Airborne, Droplet, Contact.

Gonorrhea

Description: A sexually transmitted bacterial infection targeting mucous membranes. It presents with thick yellow/greenish purulent discharge from the genital tract or rectum, along with localized swelling and redness. Transmission: Direct Contact (sexual contact involving vaginal, oral, or anal secretions; vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth).

Contact Precautions

WASH HANDS

Gloves and Gown

DISPOSE EQUIPMENT

DO NOT WEAR SAME PPE FOR MULTIPLE PATIENTS

Droplet Precautions

WASH HANDS

PUT ON PPE BEFORE ENTERING ROOM

Goggles/Face Shield and Mask

REMOVE MASK BEFORE LEAVING ROOM

Airborne Precautions

WASH HANDS

PUT PPE ON BEFORE ENTERING ROOM

Respirator

Fit test respirator

DOOR TO ROOM MUST BE CLOSED

REMOVE RESPIRATOR AFTER LEAVING

Donning

WASH HANDS

Gown: tie it properly, not sterile

Mask: tight seal it, mask below chin

Goggles: put over head

Gloves: pull over gown wrist

Doffing

IF YOUR HANDS GET CONTAMINATED DURIJG DOFFING WASH IMMEDIATELY

Gloves: pull Glove off inside out, then put finger under other glove to pull other glove off inside out, away from body

Goggles: front is contaminated, remove using back of band

Gown: outside is contaminated, untie gown carefully, then pull away from neck and shoulder so its inside out, then ball it up without touching outside

Mask: front is contaminated, use straps only to remove

WASH HANDS

Sterile gloves

Invasive procedures

Catheters

Wound care

Tracheostomy

Normal gloves

Routine examination(bp, pulse, temp)

Giving injections

Changing non surgical dressings

Routine blood testing