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What is sports medicine?

A branch of medicine focused on physical fitness and prevention/treatment of sports- and exercise-related injuries.

Who works in sports medicine?

Physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nutritionists, and mental health professionals.

Main responsibilities of athletic trainers

Preventative services, emergency care, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, rehabilitation.

Where do ATs work?

Schools, sports teams, clinics, hospitals, military, and industrial settings.

AT Domain - Prevention

Identify risk factors, review medical history, educate on safety, monitor environmental conditions.

AT Domain - Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis

Take history, observe injury, test strength and ROM, perform clinical tests.

AT Domain - Immediate Care

Emergency response for fractures, spinal injuries, and basic life support.

AT Domain - Treatment and Rehabilitation

Use manual, electrical, acoustic, and thermal modalities to treat injuries.

When did athletic training begin?

1881 at Harvard for football.

Book by Dr. S.E. Bilik

The Trainer's Bible (1917).

When was NATA formed?

1950

AMA recognition year

1990

Required degree for athletic trainers

Master's degree in Athletic Training.

Exam for athletic trainers

Board of Certification (BOC) Exam.

Do ATs need licenses?

Yes, most states require licensure.

What do exercise physiologists do?

Create fitness plans to improve cardiovascular health, flexibility, body composition.

Exercise physiologist work settings

Hospitals, clinics, fitness centers, rehab centers.

Key responsibilities of exercise physiologists

Analyze medical history, fitness tests, monitor vitals, educate on safe exercise.

Exercise physiologist required degree

Bachelor's degree.

Top 10% salary for exercise physiologists

Over $78,000 annually.

Main role of genetic counselors

Identify risk of hereditary conditions, analyze family history, interpret genetic tests.

Applications of genetic counseling

Prenatal screening, carrier testing, predictive counseling, psychiatric genetics.

Why screen women over 35?

Higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome.

Pre-testing counseling

Discuss risks, inheritance, testing options, procedures.

Post-testing counseling

Explain results and address emotional, psychological, and social impacts.

Required degree for genetic counselors

Master's degree in genetic counseling.

Genetic counseling certification

American Board of Genetic Counseling exam.

Average salary for genetic counselors

Around $100,000.

Six core values of social work

Service, social justice, dignity and worth, human relationships, integrity, competence.

Social work specialties

Child protective services, healthcare, geriatric, clinical social work.

Requirements for LCSW

Master's degree + 3,000 supervised clinical hours.

Diversity in social work

About 50% non-white; emphasizes cultural competence.

Gender distribution in social work

83% female.

Where do most social workers work?

Private nonprofit agencies—family services, social assistance, emergency services.

Typical salary for social workers

$40,000-$50,000; highest in healthcare.

Primary roles of genetic counselors

Identify risk, analyze history, interpret tests, guide decisions.

Stages of a genetic counseling session

Pre-testing (risks/options) and post-testing (results/emotional support).

Why prenatal screening for women over 35?

Increased risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal conditions.

Requirements for LCSW (repeat)

Master's degree + 3,000 clinical hours.

How social work addresses diversity

Diverse workforce, cultural competence, equal access to services.