Week 7 Appendicular Muscles Study Guide

Vocabulary practice flashcards for Biology 209 Week 7 covering key muscular system concepts, appendicular muscles of the upper and lower limbs, and their origins, insertions, actions, and innervations.

Origin

The attachment point of the muscle that does not move during muscular contraction.

Insertion

The attachment point of the muscle that does move during muscular contraction.

Action

Represents all the effects the muscle has on a part of the body.

Innervation

The specific nerve that controls a muscle.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscle tissue (over 600 in the human body) that contracts when consciously stimulated by a specific nerve and pulls on bones or other muscles without pushing.

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone, thoracic vertebrae; Insertion: Clavicle, scapula; Action: Extends head.

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, scapula; Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus; Action: Abducts arm.

Pectoralis major

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-7; Insertion: Greater tubercule of humerus; Action: Adducts and medially rotates arm.

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest; Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus; Action: Extends/hyperextends arm when flexed, adducts arm.

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa; Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus; Action: Abduction; Innervation: Suprascapular nerve.

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa; Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus; Action: External Rotation; Innervation: Suprascapular nerve.

Teres minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus; Action: External Rotation; Innervation: Axillary nerve.

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa; Insertion: Lesser tubercle of Humerus; Action: Internal Rotation; Innervation: Subscapular nerve.

Biceps brachii

Origin: Scapula; Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius; Action: Flexes arm and forearm.

Triceps brachii

Origin: Scapula and humerus; Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna; Action: Extends arm and forearm.

Brachioradialis

Origin: Humerus; Insertion: Styloid process of radius; Action: Flexes forearm.

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; Insertion: Proximal radius; Action: Supinates hand.

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; Insertion: Proximal radius; Action: Pronates hand.

Palmaris longus

Origin: Anterior humerus; Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis; Action: Flexes hand.

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Anterior humerus; Insertion: Anterior metacarpals near radius; Action: Flexes hand.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Anterior humerus; Insertion: Anterior metacarpals near ulna; Action: Flexes hand.

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Posterior humerus; Insertion: Posterior phalanges; Action: Extends hand, fingers.

Extensor pollicis longus

Origin: Posterior radius and ulna; Insertion: Posterior pollex (thumb); Action: Extends thumb.

Sartorius

Origin: Ilium; Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia; Action: Flexes thigh and leg.

Gracilis

Origin: Pubic symphisis; Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia; Action: Flexes leg.

Tensor fasciae latae

Origin: ilium; Insertion: Iliotibial tract on the lateral thigh; Action: Abducts thigh.

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx; Insertion: Proximal femur, iliotibial tract on lateral thigh; Action: Extends thigh.

Gluteus medius

Origin: Ilium; Insertion: Proximal femur; Action: Extends thigh.

Rectus femoris

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabulum; Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity by Patellar Tendon; Action: Hip Flexion, Leg Extension; Innervation: Femoral nerve.

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Proximal, anterior femur (lateral side); Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity by Patellar Tendon; Action: Leg Extension; Innervation: Femoral nerve.

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Proximal, anterior femur (deep to rectus femoris); Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity by Patellar Tendon; Action: Leg Extension; Innervation: Femoral nerve.

Vastus medialis

Origin: Proximal, anterior femur (medial side); Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity by Patellar Tendon; Action: Leg Extension; Innervation: Femoral nerve.

Biceps femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia; Action: Hip Extension, Leg Flexion; Innervation: Sciatic nerve.

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia; Action: Hip Extension, Leg Flexion; Innervation: Sciatic nerve.

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia; Action: Hip Extension, Leg Flexion; Innervation: Sciatic nerve.

Tibialis anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; Insertion: Medial metatarsal; Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot.

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head of fibula; Insertion: (under arch of foot) medial metatarsal; Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot.

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur; Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal/Achilles tendon; Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot.

Soleus

Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula; Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal/Achilles tendon; Action: Plantar flexes foot.