Cell Respiration - Notes from 9th

What are the 3 processes in Cell Respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. Kreb’s Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

What is the simple equation of Cell Res?

6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Glycolysis Step 1

• 2 Phosphates are added to a Glucose molecule to make 6-Biphosphate

Glycolysis Step 2

• The 2 phosphate sugar molecule is split into 2 3-carbon molecules (2 pyruvates)

• ATP is formed and e-‘s are transferred to NAD+ to make NADH

• This ATP is used to get more glucose into the cell

Result of Gylcolysis

• 2 Pyruvates, a net of 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

• 90% of chemical energy is left

Kreb’s Cycle Step 1a

• Pyruvic Acid loses CO2 molecule and enters mitochondria

• forms Acetyl Coenzyme A which starts the cycle

Kreb’s Cycle Step 1b

• The 2 Carbon Acetyl CoA joins the 4 Carbon Rubisco to make Citric Acid (6 Carbon)

Kreb’s Cycle Step 2

• Citric Acid is broken down

• Released CO2 and loses 2 Carbons

Result of Kreb’s Cycle

• 1 ATP and picks up an H+ ion

• 4 Rubiscos are left

What is another name for the Kreb’s Cycle?

Citric Acid Production

How many times does the Kreb’s Cycle have to occur for Pyruvic Acid to be fully broken down?

2 times

Electron Transport Chain Step 1

• E-‘s (from original glucose molecule) are moved to the ETC using NADH

• The transfer releases energy (concentration gradient) and is used to pump H+ across the membrane

Electron Transport Chain Step 2

• H+ ions rush back out of the mitochondrion membrane through ATP synthase

Electron Transport Chain Step 3

• Energy created from the rush is used to convert ADP → ATP

Result of Electron Transport Chain

• Up to 36 ATP’s (Average is 27-34) can be made from 1 glucose molecule

  
  

Where does the ETC occur at?

The inner mitochondrion membrane

What are the 2 kinds of Fermentation?

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Alcoholic Fermentation

The production of ethanol without oxygen for use in food, beverage, or the fuel industry

Lactic Acid Fermentation

The biological process where sugars ( glucose, fructose, sucrose) are converted to cellular energy and lactic acid without oxygen

Ex. yogurt, sauerkraut

Reaction for Lactic Acid Fermentation

C6H12O6 + ADP + NADH → Lactic Acid + ATP + NAD+