COM 101 exam 3 review

1. More than a blank international students study in the United States each year, and more than blank U.S. students study overseas.

million, 300,000

2. The United States is expected to become a "blank nation," meaning no group is in the blank

plurality, majority

3. Five benefits of intercultural communication are increased professional/business opportunities, improved relations among groups, increased blank, empathy for others, and creating blank

yourself awareness, shared meaning.

4. Intercultural communication is communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally blank it occurs on a blank

different, spectrum

5. Intercultural communication has two fundamental components: blank and blank

communication, culture

6. Culture

learned patterns of perceptions, values and behaviors shared by a group of people

Culture is dynamic, exists within blank structures, and is blank

power, diverse

Border dwellers

people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns

The three ways to be a border dweller are travel, blank and blank

socialization relationships

Travel can be voluntary (ex. study abroad) or blank (ex. displacement or being a refugee).

involuntary

Intercultural communication requires much more than blank knowledge; it also involves customs, holidays, and behaviors.

language

Culture shock

a feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a
result of the lack of familiar environmental cues

Reverse culture shock (re-entry shock)

culture shock experienced by travelers on returning to their home country.

Border dwellers by socialization grow up on the borders between cultural groups (ex. multi-ethnic/racial folks or multi-religious households); they are in blank between cultures but are also potential blank between them.

limbo, bridges

Border dwellers by relationships have blank whose cultural background differs from their own, and they negotiate how to live between two religions, ethnicities, races, languages, and sometimes blank

partners, value systems.

Cultural values

Beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that
they are never questioned

Cultural values prescribe what "blank" and influence behavior and communication.

should be

The seven components of cultural values are individualism vs. collectivism, preferred personality, human nature, human-nature relationship blank, long-term vs. short-term orientation, and blank vs. restraint.

power distance, indulgence

Individualistic orientation

a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals (many North American cultures)

Collectivistic orientation

a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group (many Eastern cultures.)

Preferred personality is a value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to "blank" or to blank ; in the U.S. it is often more important to be "doing," while in blank it is often more important to "be."

"do" or to be

Italy

View of human nature

A value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil, or a mixture

The U.S. was colonized by Europeans who believed people were inherently blank, which informed our modern blank system.

bad, legal

Human-nature relationship

The perceived relationship between humans and nature

Power distance

A value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power

blank is an example of low power distance (nominal hierarchy, social equality), while blank is an example of high power distance (strong hierarchy, limited social equality).

Denmark, India

Short-term orientation stresses the importance of possessing one fundamental blank (ex. Christianity, Judaism, Islam), while long-term orientation stresses the importance of blank (ex. Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism).

truth, virtue

Indulgence vs. restraint reflects a subjective feeling of

happiness.

The indulgence orientation emphasizes relatively blank gratification of basic human drives related to enjoying life and having fun, while restraint emphasizes blank gratification and regulates it with strict social norms.

free, suppressing

Mexican, Swedish, and Australian cultures are examples of blank cultures, while Russian, Egyptian, and Chinese cultures are examples of blank cultures.

indulgence orientation, restraint

Powerful groups in society establish the blank for communication, and others usually follow these rules or violate them at their blank

rules, peril

Several factors that affect power are race, gender, and blank

social status

Close relationships can be a source of happiness or blank improve mental and blank health, and provide comfort and blank

distress, physical, community

Close relationships are distinguished based on time spent together, blank, and blank in one's life.

intensity, importance

People in close relationships see each other as unique and blank, are more blank in their communication, and disclose more personal details.

irreplaceable, open personal

Theory

lens and framework which you can make sense of phenomena to better understand close relationships

The four theories used to understand close relationships are attraction theory, uncertainty reduction theory, predicted outcome value theory, and blank theory.

social exchange

Attraction theory

Theory that explains the primary forces that draw people together

The three forces in attraction theory are blank, attractiveness, and blank

proximity, similarties

Uncertainty reduction theory

Theory that argues relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants’ efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other

Uncertainty reduction theory assumes people are uncomfortable with blank  about others and seek to blank it; it is very important at the blank of relationships.

uncertanity, reduce, start

Predicted outcome value theory

attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion

In predicted outcome value theory, if we predict future interactions will be blank, we continue to build the relationship, but if we predict blank outcomes, we end the relationship.

valuable, negative interaction

Social exchange theory

explains the development and longevity of relationships as a result of individuals’ ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships

Rewards in social exchange theory include blank, being cared for, and blank; people seek relationships where perceived blank outweigh perceived blank

companionship, intimacy, reward, costs

Theory is blank, while models are more blank

general, specific

Knapp's stage model

Model of romantic relationship development that views relationships as occurring in stages and focuses on how people communicate as relationships develop and decline

Knapp's stage model has been highly blank

criticized.

Knapp's ten stages are initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and blank

terminating.

Initiating

Appears pleasant, likeable

Experimenting

learning about each other as partners

Intensifying

Increase intimacy, connectedness

Integrating

Establish dyad as a couple

Bonding

Public commitment

Differentiating

Increase interpersonal distance

Circumscribing

Discuss safe topics

Stagnating

Prevent change

Avoiding

Decline to interact with partner

Terminating

End of relationship

The six stages of friendship development (Rawlings & Holl) are role limited interaction, friendly relations, moving toward friendship, blank friendship, stabilized friendship, and blank friendship.

nascent, waning

Role limited interaction

Communicating with others based on your social roles

Nascent friendship

Commiting to spend more time together

Stabilized friendship

Taking each other for granted in the sense that you know the other person will continue to be in your life

Waning friendship

Communicating less frequently

Relational trajectory models

Relationship development models that view the development process as more variable than do stage models

Relational trajectory models show how people move blank or blank from relationship closeness.

toward, away

We use communication to blank, and, if required, blank relationships.

initiate, maintain, to end

People often have blank expectations for romantic partners than for friends.

higher

Initiating romantic relationships can involve blank (verbal and nonverbal) and requires awareness of blank expectations.

flirting, cultural

Social penetration theory

Theory that proposes that relationships develop through
increases in self-disclosure

Relational maintenance

Behaviors couples/friends perform that help maintain their
relationships

Examples of relational maintenance include date night, going out together, working together, and blank; both parties must be willing to invest the required blank

humor, energy to maintain relationships.

Friendships are especially likely to end due to blank social pressure to maintain them, and romantic relationship termination can be emotionally blank

low, turbulent.

Relationships can end blank or blank over time.

suddenly, gradually

Interpersonal aggression

Behaviors that attempt to inflict physical and psychological/social harm on family, friends, romantic partners and acquaintances

Sexual coercion

Unwanted sexual activity that occurs when one is pressured, tricked, manipulated, threatened, or forced in a nonphysical way

Communication can play a significant role in gaining blank from partners.

consent

Homogeneity is a high degree of blank (ex. religion, race, economic status, level of education); it suggests that individual blank is not the only factor influencing our relationship choices.

similarity, preference

Stereotypes and cultural blank also impact relationships, as do the practices of specific blank (ex. religions).

norms, institutions

Societal factors such as blank (ex. legal prosecution of relational violence) and business blank (ex. commission-based pay leads to competition among employees) can influence relationships.

laws, polices

Small group communication

Communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior

The smallest group is blank people, and the biggest small group is blank people.

3, 5-7

Having a clear blank or goal is related to group productivity and increased group performance.

purpose

Group members need to experience a group blank and recognize their blank

identity, interdependence.

Coordinating behavior means exerting blank on each other.

influence

Task communication

focuses on getting the job done and solving the problem

Relational communication

focuses on group maintenance and interpersonal relationships

Group roles

The shared expectations group members have regarding each individual’s
communication behavior in the group

Task roles: Roles that are directly related to the accomplishment of group goals; an example is the blank.

opinion seeker.