Classical Conditioning Reading

Psychology

habituation

an organisms decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

associative learning

learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)

classical conditioning

type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

behaviorism

the view of psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

unconditioned response (UR)

in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) such as salivation when food it around

unconditioned stimulus (US)

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response

conditioned response (CR)

in classical conditioning the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

conditioned stimulus (CS)

in classical conditioning an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with and unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

acquistion

in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.

higher order conditioning

a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. ex. an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone

extinction

the diminishing of a conditioned response occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus when a response is no longer reinforced

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

generalization

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

discrimination

in classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do no signal an unconditioned stimulus

learned helplessness

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events