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PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology that provides information on earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Earthquakes

The shaking of the earth caused by waves on and below the earth's surface.

Epicenter

The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Focus

The point at which the earthquake rupture begins.

Magnitude

A measure of the energy release of an earthquake, measured by the Richter Scale.

Intensity

A measure of the strength of shaking produced by an earthquake, assessed by the Mercalli Scale.

Ground Shaking

The primary cause of earthquake damage to man-made structures, influenced by various factors such as topography and distance to epicenter.

Earthquake Induced Ground Subsidence

The lowering of the land surface, impacting infrastructure and causing injuries or death.

Landslide

The movement of land, earth, rock, or debris downslope due to gravity, causing property damage and loss of life.

Liquefaction

A phenomenon where water-saturated soil loses strength and behaves like quicksand, leading to building sinking and tilting.

Tsunami

A large wave caused by the displacement of water, often resulting from strong ground shaking or unusual sea-level fluctuations.

Faulting/Ground Rupture

The movement of ground along a fault, which can cause significant damage to structures and utilities.

Seismology

The study of earthquakes and seismic waves.

Seismic Waves

Vibrations produced by sudden impulses in the earth.

Seismograph

An instrument that records ground movement using a seismometer.

Seismometer

The main component of a seismograph that detects ground motion caused by seismic waves.

Surface Waves

Waves that travel along the earth's surface, causing damage during earthquakes.

Body Waves

Waves that travel through the interior of the earth.

Primary (P-waves)

The fastest body waves that cause matter to move in a push-pull motion.

Secondary (S-waves)

Body waves that cause matter to oscillate side to side, shearing the rock they pass through.

Rayleigh Waves

shakes the ground like rolling ocean waves

Love Waves

shakes the ground side-to-side in an S shape