Grade 12 - Unit 3: Green living (Empire)

sustain life/growth /səˈsteɪn laɪf/ (collocation)

(1) to provide what is needed for something to exist or continue - duy trì sự sống/sự tăng trưởng. eg: Clean freshwater is essential to [______] on Earth.

sustainable development /səˈsteɪn.ə.bl̩ dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/ (collocation)

(1) economic development conducted without depletion of natural resources - sự phát triển bền vững. eg: The United Nations actively promotes [______] goals globally.

promote/achieve environmental sustainability /prəˈməʊt ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) promote: thúc đẩy; achieve: đạt được tính bền vững môi trường - patterns: promote/achieve environmental sustainability. eg: Many international corporations strive to [______] in their operations.

renewable energy sources/resources /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bl̩ ˈen.ə.dʒi/ (collocation)

(1) energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar - các nguồn năng lượng tái tạo. eg: Governments are heavily investing in [______] to replace coal.

recycle household waste /ˌriːˈsaɪ.kl̩ ˈhaʊs.həʊld weɪst/ (collocation)

(1) to convert domestic waste into reusable material - tái chế rác thải sinh hoạt. eg: Citizens are encouraged to [______] to reduce landfill pressure.

recycling scheme/facility /ˌriːˈsaɪ.klɪŋ skiːm/ (collocation)

(1) an organized program or plant for processing recyclable materials - chương trình/nhà máy tái chế. eg: The city council established an advanced [______] for plastics.

reduce/cut carbon emissions /rɪˈdjuːs ˈkɑː.bən ɪˈmɪʃ.ənz/ (collocation)

(1) reduce/cut: cắt giảm lượng khí thải carbon - patterns: reduce/cut carbon emissions. eg: Industrial nations signed a treaty to [______] by 50%.

substantial reduction in /səbˈstæn.ʃəl rɪˈdʌk.ʃən ɪn/ (collocation)

(1) a large decrease in the amount or degree of something - sự sụt giảm đáng kể về. eg: Switching to LED bulbs led to a [______] energy costs.

severely polluted river/air /sɪˈvɪə.li pəˈluː.tɪd/ (collocation)

(1) contaminated with harmful or poisonous substances to a high degree - dòng sông/không khí bị ô nhiễm nặng nề. eg: Chemical runoff created a [______] that harmed local wildlife.

combat/tackle environmental pollution /ˈkɒm.bæt ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl pəˈluː.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) combat/tackle: phòng chống/giải quyết nạn ô nhiễm môi trường - patterns: combat/tackle environmental pollution. eg: Strict municipal laws were introduced to [______].

conserve natural resources /kənˈsɜːv ˈnætʃ.rəl rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/ (collocation)

(1) to protect natural assets from harm or destruction - bảo tồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên. eg: It is our collective responsibility to [______] for future generations.

wildlife/energy conservation /ˈwaɪld.laɪf ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) the preservation and protection of wild animals or power - sự bảo tồn động vật hoang dã/tiết kiệm năng lượng. eg: National parks play a crucial role in [______].

conservative estimate/approach /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv ˈes.tɪ.meɪt/ (collocation)

(1) an estimate or method that is cautious and moderate - sự ước tính/cách tiếp cận thận trọng. eg: According to a [______], sea levels will rise by at least two meters.

harm/protect the environment /hɑːm ði ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/ (collocation)

(1) harm: gây hại cho; protect: bảo vệ môi trường - patterns: harm/protect the natural environment. eg: Using public transport instead of driving helps [______].

environmental degradation/catastrophe /ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌdeɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources - sự suy thoái/thảm họa môi trường. eg: Deforestation is a primary driver of global [______].

minimise environmental impact /ˈmɪn.ɪ.maɪz ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˈɪm.pækt/ (collocation)

(1) to reduce the ecological damage caused by human activities as much as possible - giảm thiểu tối đa tác động môi trường. eg: Green builders design homes to [______].

waste minimisation /weɪst ˌmɪn.ɪ.maɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) the practice of reducing the amount of waste generated - việc tối thiểu hóa lượng rác thải. eg: The factory implemented a comprehensive policy of [______].

eco-friendly alternative/substitute /ˈiː.kəʊˌfrend.li ɔːlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/ (collocation)

(1) a product or practice designed not to harm the environment - giải pháp/vật phẩm thay thế thân thiện môi trường. eg: Cloth shopping bags are an [______] to single-use plastics.

biodegradable material/packaging /ˌbaɪ.əʊ.dɪˈɡreɪ.də.bl̩ məˈtɪə.ri.əl/ (collocation)

(1) material capable of being decomposed by bacteria or biological means - vật liệu/bao bì tự phân hủy sinh học. eg: Fast-food chains are transitioning toward [______].

reduce/offset one's carbon footprint /rɪˈdjuːs wʌnz ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/ (collocation)

(1) reduce: làm giảm; offset: bù đắp lượng khí thải carbon cá nhân - patterns: reduce/offset one's carbon footprint. eg: Planting native trees helps commuters [______].

mitigate the effects of climate change /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt ði ɪˈfekts əv ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ/ (collocation)

(1) to make the harmful consequences of global climate shifts less severe - giảm nhẹ các tác động của biến đổi khí hậu. eg: Immediate global cooperation is necessary to [______].

emit greenhouse gases /iˈmɪt ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɡæs.ɪz/ (collocation)

(1) to discharge heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere - xả/phát thải khí nhà kính. eg: Coal-fired power stations [______] at an alarming rate.

adopt a zero-waste lifestyle /əˈdɒpt ə ˈzɪə.rəʊ weɪst ˈlaɪf.staɪl/ (collocation)

(1) to live in a way where as little trash as possible is sent to landfills - theo đuổi lối sống không rác thải. eg: She decided to [______] by buying groceries in bulk with glass jars.

pioneer green architecture /ˈpaɪə.nɪər ɡriːn ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/ (collocation)

(1) to lead in designing environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings - tiên phong trong kiến trúc xanh. eg: The firm seeks to [______] that incorporates solar panels and rooftop gardens.

certified organic farming /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪd ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/ (collocation)

(1) agricultural methods free of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers - canh tác nông nghiệp hữu cơ được chứng nhận. eg: The cooperative specializes in [______] to protect groundwater supplies.

go plastic-free /ɡəʊ ˈplæs.tɪk friː/ (collocation)

(1) to eliminate all plastic items from one's consumption habits - từ bỏ đồ nhựa/nói không với nhựa. eg: The town launched an initiative urging households to [______] for a month.

embark on large-scale reforestation /ɪmˈbɑːk ɒn lɑːdʒ skeɪl ˌriː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) to start planting trees on barren or deforested lands extensively - tiến hành trồng rừng trên quy mô lớn. eg: The government [______]ed [______] to prevent soil erosion.

combat rampant deforestation /ˈkɒm.bæt ˈræm.pənt diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) to actively oppose the widespread and uncontrolled clearing of forests - chống lại nạn phá rừng tràn lan. eg: Environmental activists work to [______] in tropical rainforests.

transition to electric vehicles /trænˈzɪʃ.ən tuː iˈlek.trɪk ˈviː.ə.kl̩z/ (collocation)

(1) to switch from fossil-fuel cars to battery-powered transport - chuyển đổi sang phương tiện xe điện. eg: Urban subsidies encourage cab drivers to [______].

raise/heighten environmental awareness /reɪz ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl əˈweə.nəs/ (collocation)

(1) raise/heighten: nâng cao nhận thức về môi trường - patterns: raise/heighten environmental awareness among sb. eg: School workshops help [______] among young children.

achieve carbon-neutral status /əˈtʃiːv ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl ˈsteɪ.təs/ (collocation)

(1) to reach a state where carbon emissions are balanced by absorption - đạt trạng thái trung hòa carbon. eg: The tech giant pledged to [______] by the year 2030.

protect endangered species /prəˈtekt ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒəd ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ (collocation)

(1) to preserve animal or plant species that are in danger of extinction - bảo vệ các loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng. eg: Poaching laws were strengthened to [______] like the Javan rhinoceros.

divert waste from landfills /daɪˈvɜːt weɪst frɒm ˈlænd.fɪlz/ (collocation)

(1) to redirect trash toward recycling or composting rather than dumping - giảm thiểu rác chôn lấp/chuyển hướng rác thải khỏi bãi chôn. eg: Community composting programmes help [______].

practice waste separation at source /ˈpræk.tɪs weɪst ˌsep.ərˈeɪ.ʃən æt sɔːs/ (collocation)

(1) to divide trash into recyclables and organic waste at home - thực hiện phân loại rác tại nguồn. eg: Citizens are legally required to [______] before disposal.

ban/phase out single-use plastics /bæn ˈsɪŋ.ɡl̩ juːs ˈplæs.tɪks/ (collocation)

(1) ban: cấm; phase out: loại bỏ dần đồ nhựa dùng một lần - patterns: ban/phase out single-use plastics. eg: Supermarkets agreed to [______] such as straws and thin carrier bags.

expand urban green spaces /ɪkˈspænd ˈɜː.bən ɡriːn speɪs.ɪz/ (collocation)

(1) to create more parks, gardens, and tree areas in cities - mở rộng không gian xanh đô thị. eg: City planners aim to [______] to improve residents' mental health.

deplete/exhaust natural resources /dɪˈpliːt ˈnætʃ.rəl rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/ (collocation)

(1) deplete/exhaust: làm cạn kiệt nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên - patterns: deplete/exhaust natural resources. eg: Overconsumption threatens to [______] at an alarming rate.

install rooftop solar panels /ɪnˈstɔːl ˈruːf.tɒp ˈsəʊ.lə ˈpæn.l̩z/ (collocation)

(1) to fit photovoltaic panels onto roofs to harness solar energy - lắp đặt tấm pin năng lượng mặt trời trên mái nhà. eg: Many households [______] to slash their monthly electricity bills.

threaten/preserve marine biodiversity /ˈθret.ən məˈriːn ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ (collocation)

(1) threaten: đe dọa; preserve: bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học biển - patterns: threaten/preserve biodiversity. eg: Plastic pollution continues to [______] in coastal waters.

invest in clean energy infrastructure /ɪnˈvest ɪn kliːn ˈen.ə.dʒi ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/ (collocation)

(1) to fund power systems that produce little or no greenhouse gas - đầu tư vào cơ sở hạ tầng năng lượng sạch. eg: Developing countries need financial aid to [______].

improper/hazardous waste disposal /ɪmˈprɒp.ər weɪst dɪˈspəʊ.zəl/ (collocation)

(1) the unsafe or incorrect dumping of garbage and industrial byproducts - việc xử lý/thải bỏ rác thải độc hại không đúng quy cách. eg: Heavy penalties are imposed for [______] into public waterways.

alleviate chronic water shortages /əˈliː.vi.eɪt ˈkrɒn.ɪk ˈwɔː.tə ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒɪz/ (collocation)

(1) to relieve severe and ongoing deficits of clean water - giảm nhẹ tình trạng thiếu nước kinh niên. eg: Rainwater harvesting systems help [______] during dry summer months.

curb/cut energy consumption /kɜːb ˈen.ə.dʒi kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) curb/cut: kiềm chế/cắt giảm mức tiêu thụ năng lượng - patterns: curb/cut energy consumption. eg: Upgrading insulation is the most effective way to [______] in winter.

generate household waste /ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt ˈhaʊs.həʊld weɪst/ (collocation)

(1) to produce domestic garbage from daily family living - phát sinh rác thải sinh hoạt. eg: Zero-waste campaigns teach families how to [______] minimally.

conscious green consumer /ˈkɒn.ʃəs ɡriːn kənˈsjuː.mər/ (collocation)

(1) a buyer who actively chooses goods that do not harm the planet - người tiêu dùng xanh có ý thức. eg: As a [______], she prioritizes locally grown organic produce.

practice ethical consumption /ˈpræk.tɪs ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ (collocation)

(1) to buy goods made under fair trade and eco-friendly conditions - thực hành tiêu dùng có đạo đức. eg: Young generations increasingly [______] by avoiding fast fashion brands.

adopt a circular economy /əˈdɒpt ə ˈsɜː.kjə.lər iˈkɒn.ə.mi/ (collocation)

(1) to use an economic system aimed at eliminating waste through continual reuse of resources - áp dụng nền kinh tế tuần hoàn. eg: Progressive manufacturing brands [______] to design recyclable electronics.

guilty of greenwashing /ˈɡɪl.ti əv ˈɡriːn.wɒʃ.ɪŋ/ (collocation)

(1) misleading consumers regarding the environmental practices of an enterprise - phạm tội tẩy xanh (tạo vỏ bọc bảo vệ môi trường giả tạo). eg: The airline was accused of being [______] in its promotional advertisements.

energy-efficient appliances /ˈen.ə.dʒi ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt əˈplaɪ.ən.sɪz/ (collocation)

(1) domestic electronic machines designed to use minimal electricity - các thiết bị tiết kiệm năng lượng. eg: Replacing old refrigerators with modern, [______] reduces electricity expenses.

lower food-based environmental footprint /ˈləʊ.ər fuːd beɪst ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˈfʊt.prɪnt/ (collocation)

(1) to reduce the ecological damage caused by food production and diet - hạ thấp dấu chân môi trường từ thực phẩm. eg: Shifting away from red meat helps [______] significantly.

enshrine into law /ɪnˈʃraɪn ˈɪn.tuː lɔː/ (collocation)

(1) to officially establish and protect a policy or right within legislation - quy định/đưa vào luật thành điều khoản chính thức. eg: France became the first country to [______] extended producer responsibility.

live off the grid /lɪv ɒf ðə ɡrɪd/ (idiom)

(1) to live self-sufficiently without relying on public utility services like electricity or water - sống tự cung tự cấp/không phụ thuộc vào lưới điện và nước công cộng. eg: He built a secluded cabin in the mountains to [______] with solar panels and spring water.

make do and mend /meɪk duː ənd mend/ (idiom)

(1) to manage with what is available and repair old things rather than buying new ones - tận dụng và sửa chữa đồ cũ (thay vì mua mới). eg: Practicing a sustainable lifestyle often involves learning to [______].

a win-win situation /ə wɪn wɪn ˌsɪtʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/ (idiom)

(1) an outcome that is good for everyone involved - tình huống đôi bên cùng có lợi. eg: Switching to organic plant-based diets is [______] for personal health and planetary sustainability.

keep existential dread at bay /kiːp ˌeɡ.zɪˈsten.ʃəl dred æt beɪ/ (idiom)

(1) to prevent overwhelming anxieties about life or climate catastrophe from overpowering oneself - ngăn chặn/kiềm chế nỗi sợ hãi hiện sinh. eg: Taking direct action in community gardens helps [______] regarding the climate crisis.