APUSH Chapter 12 and 13 Quiz

Served as vice president under John Quincy Adams and the first one under Andrew Jackson, he was a War Hawk prior to and during the War of 1812. He helped South Carolina pen doctrine of nullification.

John C Calhoun

Commanded the Texan army in the Texan Revolution, and defeated the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto. He later served as President of Texas, and after the Texan Annexation, became a senator and governor of the state.

Sam Houston

Eighth president and second vice president under Jackson, supported limited federal government, states' rights, strict construction of the Constitution, and the vital role of a two-party political system to manage sectional tensions. His presidency was not great, largely due to the Panic of 1837.

Martin Van Buren

Favored a renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, and moral reforms.

Mostly aristocratic and wealthier.

Generally from the East.

Whigs

Glorified the liberty of the individual.

Clung to states' rights and federal limitations in social and economic affairs.

Mostly humble, poorer folk.

Generally from the South and West.

Democrats

Father of the factory system who brought British textile technology to the United States, modifying it for American use

Samuel Slater

Inventor of the cotton gin.

Eli Whitney

Nativist political party that was staunchly anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and supported raising the residency time to 21 years to become a citizen.

Know-Nothings

Irish secret society that fought against exploitation, hazardous working conditions, and anti-Irish discrimination in the anthracite coal fields of northeastern Pennsylvania.

Molly Maguires

New York governor between 1817 and 1823, and again from 1825 to 1828. He was the mastermind behind the Erie Canal.

DeWitt Clinton

7th U.S. president who was a general during the War of 1812 (Battle of New Orleans) and the Seminole War.

Andrew Jackson

In the 1824 election there was no electoral majority, meaning the vote goes to the House. John Quincy Adams was declared the victor by the House, after which he appointed Henry Clay Secretary of State after Clay used his influence in the House to get Adams selected as president

Jackson called it a ---------- ----------- as he won the most popular and electoral votes (though not the majority needed to win)

Corrupt Bargain

How did the common people view Jackson?

-Supporters viewed as him as the man who had broken the control of the elites, expanded voting rights, a war hero, and anti-establishment (His hate for the Bank of the U.S. and subsequent revoking of its charter).

-His critics labeled him as a tyrant, condemned the Trail of Tears, condemned Jackson's support of slavery, and viewed him as an economic disruptor.

How did Jackson promote Indian removal (Trail of Tears)?

By championing legislative and political strategies to displace Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River to the newly established Indian territory where they would be "permanently" free of white encroachment.

Jackson said the rechartering was "harmful to the nation" & the Bank of the U.S. was unconstitutional. Withdrew deposits & charter expired in 1836. State banks begin printing paper money not backed by gold or silver & speculation runs wild. The nation plunges into an economic depression in 1837.

Continuation of the ongoing debate about the proper role of the Federal Government

Bank War

A revolt against Mexico by American settlers in Texas.

Texas Revolution

In the aftermath of the Texan Revolution, tensions were high between Mexico and the U.S. over the possibility of the American ---------------- of Texas.

annexation

How did the American public view the Western wilderness?

Most predominantly viewed the wilderness as an obstacle to be conquered and civilized through Manifest Destiny. while an emerging intellectual elite simultaneously began romanticizing it as a source of spiritual renewal and national pride.

What two areas from Europe saw heavy immigration in the first half of the 19th century?

Ireland and Germany

Saw an increase in more purchasing of consumer goods facilitated by transportation revolution & mechanization

Market Revolution

Transformed the United States from a localized, subsistence-farming economy into a connected, mechanized national marketplace. It mainly took place in the North, as the South became dependent on slave based farming.

Industrialization

How did American families change during this time?

-Men worked outside the home for wages, while women were expected to embody the "Cult of Domesticity" , focusing on private-sphere morality, child-rearing, and homemaking.

-Poor families (Notably Irish and German immigrants) could not afford to have only the father work, so often mothers had to work as well in deplorable factories.