intelligence lecture

alfred binet

designed first IQ test to identify French children who needed extra help

IQ

(mental age / chronological age) x 100

• average 100

• 68% of population scores between 85 (- 1SD) and 115 (+1 SD)

eugenics

study of how to selectively select and de-select people on IQ to create “superior race”

spearman

individuals differ in general ability (g)

• correlation among tests are not perfect

• each test measures both underlying factor and something specific to that ability

Thurstone’s primary mental abilities (7)

intelligence may be broken down into seven distinct factors

cattell-horn-carroll (2)

two kinds of intelligences:

• fluid intelligence

• crystalized intelligence

gardener - if not one dimention, how many?

8

bodily-kinesthetic

“whole body smart”

• hands on, acting out / theater

verbal-linguistic

“word smart”

• storytelling / journaling, brainstorming

naturalistic

“nature smart”

• relation to animals and nature, outdoor settings / weather

visual-spatial

“picture smart”

• picture / visual metaphors, use of art, color, symbols

interpersonal

“people smart”

• simulations, cooperative groups / games

intrapersonal

“self-smart”

• personal connections, student choices

existential

“deep question smart”

• philosophical thinking about life, death, and ultimate realities

musical

“rhythm and tone smart”

• content rhythm, songs, chants, listening labs / music projects

logical-mathematical

“logic and number smart”

• calculations / categorizations, socratic questioning / heuristics

Sternberg (3)

3 intelligences:

• creative intelligence

• analytical intelligence

• practical intelligence

emotional intelligence

4 types

• perceiving emotions

• understanding emotions

• managing emotions

• using emotions

aptitude test

assesses your capacity to learn (about future)

achievement test

assesses what you have learned (about the past)

standardized

provides comparison scores (based on pretested group) to help interpret results

• pretested group is important (could introduce bias, past)

• how representative is it of the people you will be testing (future)

reliable

does it yield similar results when same person takes and repeats test?

• test-retest reliability

• IQ tests are very reliable

valid

extend to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

• hit middle of bullseye (validity) every time you shoot (reliability)

fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving logic problems

• ability to learn new things

• peaks at 25 - 30 years old, then declines

crystalized intelligence

our accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and applied skills

• facts - the older you are the more you gain