Personality Theories: Erikson, Maslow, Rogers & Trait Models

What is Ego Psychology?

Biological and psychosocial forces

What did ego mean to Erikson?

Powerful agency

What does Erikson's powerful agency undergo?

Resolve inner conflicts with environmental challenges

What does Erikson's ego promote?

Health

What does the term 'Epigenetic Principle' mean?

Genetically determined sequence of human development

In Erikson's ego stages, what does the term 'critical points' mean?

Maturation process

What is a positive resolution in critical points?

strength in ego

What is failure in positive resolution?

Unhealthy personality that is resolved later successfully

What is a virtue?

Successful resolution - human quality/strength

What are the eight Personality Development stages (Erikson)?

1. Oral Sensory

2. Muscular-anal

3. Locomotor-genital stage

4. Latency Stage

5. Identity versus Role confusion

6. Intimacy versus Isolation

7. Generativity versus stagnation

8. Ego Integrity versus despair

What is the Oral Sensory Stage (1st year)?

Pleasure around mouth

What is the strength out of the Oral Sensory Stage?

Hope

What is the Muscular-anal stage (2nd and 3rd year of life)?

Personal control over physical skill and independence

What is the strength out of Muscular-anal stage?

Will

What is the Locomotor-Genital (Age 4-5)?

Initiative versus guilt

What is the ego strength of Locomotor-genital stage?

Purpose

What happens during Locomotor Genital stage (initiative vs guilt)?

Begin to plan activities, initiate with others

What happens during muscular anal stage (control over physical skill and independence)?

toilet training

What is Latency stage (age 6 - 12)?

Industry versus inferiority

What is the ego strength in the latency stage?

Competence

What is important in the latency stage?

peer group

major source of child self esteem

What is identity versus role confusion (age 12 - 19 ) ?

Identity is multifaceted

What does the child learn during Identity versus Role confusion?

roles to occupy as an adult

What roles do children learn to occupy as an adult in Identity versus Role Confusion?

Sexual and Occupational

What is ROLE CONFUSION?

concern for who one is and who they will become

What is the ego strength in Identity versus Role confusion?

Fidelity: loyalty and commitment

What happens when forcing someone to become a certain identity?

Rebellion, unhappiness, and negative identity

What is Intimacy versus isolation (age 20-24)?

Exploring relationships towards longer termed commitments than family members

What is intimacy in Intimacy versus Isolation?

able to establish close relationships with others

What is the ego strength in Intimacy versus Isolation?

Love

What is Generativity versus Stagnation (25-64)?

Making a mark on the world

What is the ego strength of Generativity versus Stagnation?

Care

What is Ego Integrity versus despair (65-death)?

positive meaning and worth living, despair involving fear of death, living as failure, AND unable to fix mistakes due to time

What is the ego strength of Ego integrity versus despair?

Wisdom

What is a positive evaluation?

ability to tie together important psychosocial development across entire lifespan

What is negative evaluation?

Poorly supported claims of male-female personality differences based on biological factors

Who is James Marcia?

Identifies four statuses of psychological identity development

What are the four identity statuses of psychological identity development?

1. Identity diffusion

2. Foreclosure

3. Moratorium

4. Identity Achievement

What is identity diffusion?

Lack of commitment, no active crisis

What is Foreclosure?

firm commitment in goal, belief, value

What does a foreclosure NOT include?

Experience crisis

What is moratorium?

Alternatives to the state of crisis to make decision

What is Identity Achievement?

Underwent crisis and developed firmed commitment

What is Ethnic Identity (Jean Phinney)?

belonging and commitment to the group

What does ethnic identity share among the group (Jean Phinney)?

common heritage, knowledge, attitudes, and values with other members

What is bicultural identity?

positive attitudes towards own ethnic group and majority group

What did Jacob Orlofsky do?

Assessing levels of intimacy

What are the three questions for levels of intimacy?

1. Close relationship with female/male friends?

2. Enduring heterosexual relationship?

3. Close relationships deep or superficial?

What is disciplined subjectivity? (assessment techniques - Orlofsky)

analyze with empathy and historical events in patients life

What is Psychohistorical Analysis?

analyzing the historical figures on the basis of Erikson's theory of ego development