2.10–2.13: Velocity-time graphs, measuring speed and acceleration
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20 Terms
What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration.
How do you calculate acceleration from a velocity-time graph?
Gradient = change in velocity ÷ change in time.
What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph mean?
Constant velocity and zero acceleration.
What does a steeper gradient on a velocity-time graph mean?
Greater acceleration magnitude.
How do you calculate distance travelled from a velocity-time graph?
Calculate the area between the graph line and the time axis, accounting for any sections below the axis.
What area represents on a velocity-time graph?
For a velocity-time graph, signed area represents displacement; total distance requires adding the magnitudes of the areas.
What is the area of a rectangle?
Area = base × height.
What is the area of a triangle?
Area = ½ × base × height.
How can a light gate measure an object’s speed?
Measure the time taken for an object of known length to pass through the gate; speed = length ÷ time.
How can two light gates measure speed?
Measure the time between gates and divide the distance between them by that time to find average speed between the gates.
How can a ticker timer investigate motion?
It makes dots at regular time intervals; the spacing between dots shows how the object’s speed changes.
How can a ruler-drop test measure reaction time?
Drop a ruler without warning, catch it, measure the distance fallen and use a distance-fall-time relationship or conversion table to estimate reaction time.
What is the approximate acceleration due to gravity in free fall on Earth for this specification?
10 m/s².
What is a typical walking speed?
About 1.5 m/s.
What is a typical running speed?
About 3 m/s.
What is a typical cycling speed?
About 6 m/s.
What is the approximate speed of sound in air?
About 330 m/s.
What is a typical strong wind speed?
About 20 m/s; wind speeds vary widely.
What is the approximate speed of a car travelling at 30 mph in m/s?
About 13 m/s.
What is meant by uniform acceleration?
Velocity changes by equal amounts in equal time intervals.