Unit 1: Financial Market

transferred from — funds transferred from an account

moved from one account or place to another; được chuyển từ

excess of available funds — an excess of available funds

more money available than is needed; lượng vốn sẵn có dư thừa

shortage — a shortage of funds

a situation in which there is not enough of something; sự thiếu hụt, thiếu vốn

well-functioning — a well-functioning banking system

working properly and effectively; hoạt động tốt, hiệu quả

cyclical performance — cyclical economic performance

performance that rises and falls in repeated patterns; hiệu quả hoạt động mang tính chu kỳ

financial institution — a regulated financial institution

an organization providing financial services; tổ chức tài chính

financial and monetary transactions — conduct financial and monetary transactions

activities involving money, payments, or financial assets; các giao dịch tài chính và tiền tệ

deposits — bank deposits

money placed in a bank account; tiền gửi ngân hàng

currency exchange — foreign currency exchange

converting one currency into another; việc đổi ngoại tệ

central banks — central banks set interest rates

institutions managing a country's monetary system; ngân hàng trung ương

checking account — open a checking account

a bank account for everyday payments and withdrawals; tài khoản thanh toán

certificates of deposit — purchase certificates of deposit

bank savings products held for a fixed term; chứng chỉ tiền gửi

mortgage loan — apply for a mortgage loan

a loan secured by real estate; khoản vay thế chấp bất động sản

internet bank — use an internet bank

a bank offering services mainly online; ngân hàng trực tuyến

conventional bank — a conventional bank branch

a traditional bank offering standard banking services; ngân hàng truyền thống

credit unions — member-owned credit unions

financial cooperatives owned by their members; hợp tác xã tín dụng, quỹ tín dụng

savings and loan associations — local savings and loan associations

institutions focused on savings and home loans; hiệp hội tiết kiệm và cho vay

mutually — mutually beneficial

in a way that affects or benefits both sides; lẫn nhau, đôi bên

merchant bank — a merchant bank advises companies

a bank specializing in corporate finance and advisory services; ngân hàng thương mại đầu tư

raising funds — raising funds for expansion

obtaining money for an activity or organization; huy động vốn

financing international trade — financing international trade deals

providing funding for cross-border commerce; tài trợ thương mại quốc tế

issuing and underwriting securities — issuing and underwriting new securities

offering financial instruments and backing their sale; phát hành và bảo lãnh phát hành chứng khoán

mergers and acquisitions — corporate mergers and acquisitions

company combinations and company takeovers; sáp nhập và mua lại doanh nghiệp

issuing government bonds — issuing government bonds to raise money

selling government debt securities to investors; phát hành trái phiếu chính phủ

brokerage firms — licensed brokerage firms

companies that help clients buy and sell financial assets; công ty môi giới chứng khoán

assisting — assisting clients

helping someone do something; hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ

securities — trade securities

tradable financial instruments such as stocks and bonds; chứng khoán

insurance companies — major insurance companies

businesses providing coverage against specified risks; công ty bảo hiểm

financial loss — suffer a financial loss

a reduction in money or financial value; tổn thất tài chính

property damage — cover property damage

harm caused to buildings or possessions; thiệt hại tài sản

mortgage companies — private mortgage companies

firms specializing in real-estate-backed loans; công ty cho vay thế chấp

funding mortgage loans — funding mortgage loans for buyers

providing money for loans secured by property; cấp vốn cho các khoản vay thế chấp

financial intermediaries — banks as financial intermediaries

institutions channeling funds between savers and borrowers; các tổ chức trung gian tài chính

transaction — process a transaction

an exchange or business dealing; giao dịch

extend a loan — extend a loan to a borrower

to provide a borrower with a loan; cấp một khoản vay

monetary policy — tighten monetary policy

central-bank actions influencing money and interest rates; chính sách tiền tệ

referred to — commonly referred to as

called or described by a particular name; được gọi là, được nhắc đến là

repayment of debts — timely repayment of debts

paying back money that is owed; việc trả nợ

economic variables — key economic variables

measurable factors affecting an economy; các biến số kinh tế

inflation — rising inflation

a general increase in prices over time; lạm phát

purchasing power — declining purchasing power

the amount of goods and services money can buy; sức mua

aggregate price level — the aggregate price level

the overall level of prices in an economy; mức giá chung của nền kinh tế

inversely related — inversely related to prices

moving in opposite directions; có mối quan hệ nghịch chiều

volume of dollars issued — the volume of dollars issued

the total amount of dollar currency put into circulation; lượng đô la được phát hành

job prospect — better job prospects

a chance of finding or advancing in a job; triển vọng việc làm

property — own property

land, buildings, or other things someone owns; tài sản, bất động sản

pension — receive a pension

regular retirement income; lương hưu

securities representing part-ownership — securities representing part-ownership in a firm

investments giving holders an ownership stake; chứng khoán thể hiện quyền sở hữu một phần (cổ phiếu)

interest-paying securities — hold interest-paying securities

investments that pay interest to their owners; chứng khoán trả lãi

conglomerates — large business conglomerates

corporate groups operating in different industries; tập đoàn đa ngành

depositors — protect bank depositors

people or entities that place money in a bank; người gửi tiền

deregulated — a deregulated banking sector

subject to fewer government rules; được nới lỏng quy định quản lý

fines — impose heavy fines

monetary punishments for breaking rules; tiền phạt

prohibited — strictly prohibited

officially forbidden; bị cấm

regulation — government regulation

an official rule governing an activity; quy định, sự quản lý bằng quy định

repealed — a law was repealed

officially cancelled by legal action; bị bãi bỏ (luật, quy định)

underwriting — securities underwriting

guaranteeing or arranging the sale of securities; bảo lãnh phát hành chứng khoán

abolished — abolished restrictions

formally ended or eliminated; bãi bỏ, xóa bỏ

restriction — impose a restriction

a rule that limits what is allowed; sự hạn chế, quy định hạn chế

penalties — face legal penalties

punishments for violating rules or laws; các hình phạt, chế tài

guaranteeing — guaranteeing repayment

promising to ensure something happens or is paid; bảo đảm, bảo lãnh

acquired — acquired another company

bought or obtained ownership of; mua lại, thâu tóm