GS9. Unit 2. City Life

bustling

(adjective) very busy and full of activity; "The ___ city streets were packed with people and vehicles." - hối hả, nhộn nhịp, náo nhiệt

carry out

(phrasal verb) to do or perform something; "These tests have been ___ried ___ on the patient." - tiến hành, thực hiện

come down with

(phrasal verb) to become ill with something; "I think I'm ___ing ___ flu." - bị nhiễm (bệnh), mắc bệnh

concrete jungle

(noun) a city with many tall buildings and little nature; "We survived in a ___." - rừng bê tông

congested

(adjective) blocked and very crowded; "The city streets were ___ with vehicles." - tắc nghẽn, đông đúc

construction site

(noun) a place where building work is being done; "Green fences were put up around the ___." - công trường xây dựng

get around

(phrasal verb) to travel or move from place to place; "We had to use public transport to ___." - đi lại, di chuyển

forbidden

(adjective) not allowed; "Photography is strictly ___ in the museum." - bị cấm

fabulous

(adjective) extremely good or impressive; "The food looks ___." - tuyệt vời, tuyệt diệu

hygiene

(noun) the practice of keeping clean to prevent disease; "Many skin diseases can be prevented by good personal ___." - vệ sinh

itchy

(adjective) causing a feeling of wanting to scratch; "I feel ___ all over." - bị ngứa

leftover

(noun) food remaining after a meal; "___ food attracts flies." - thức ăn thừa

liveable

(adjective) pleasant and suitable to live in; "It's one of the most ___ cities in the US." - đáng sống

metro

(noun) an underground railway system in a city; "He likes to travel on the ___." - hệ thống tàu điện ngầm

pricey

(adjective) expensive; "The menu may seem ___, but the food is actually good value for money." - đắt đỏ

process

(verb) to treat raw materials to produce something; "Blueberries are ___ed into juice or sauce." - xử lý, chế biến

public amenities

(noun) facilities provided for public use; "People like living here because they care about ___ and public services." - tiện ích công cộng

rush hour

(noun) the busy period when many people are travelling to or from work; "Don't travel at ___." - giờ cao điểm

reliable

(adjective) able to be trusted; "We are looking for someone who is ___ and hard-working." - đáng tin cậy

metropolitan

(adjective) relating to a large city; "He was drawn to the ___ glamour and excitement of Paris." - thuộc đô thị, thủ phủ

multicultural

(adjective) including people of many different cultures; "We live in a ___ society." - đa văn hóa

variety

(noun) a number of different types; "He resigned for a ___ of reasons." - sự đa dạng, phong phú

drop-off time

(noun) the time when children are brought to school; "She suggests not allowing cars at school gates at ___ and pick-up times." - giờ đưa con đi học

pick-up time

(noun) the time when children are collected from school; "Cars should not be allowed at school gates at drop-off and ___ times." - giờ đón con đi học về

urban

(adjective) relating to a town or city; "Pollution has reached high levels in some ___ areas." - thuộc đô thị

downtown

(adjective) relating to the commercial centre of a city; "Let's go ___ for shopping." - khu trung tâm thành phố, khu thương mại

skyscraper

(noun) a very tall building; "The restaurant is at the top of one of the biggest ___ s in downtown." - nhà cao chọc trời

sky train

(noun) an elevated railway that runs above street level; "Have you ever traveled by ___?" - tàu điện trên không

stuck

(adjective) unable to move; "Seven of us were ___ in the lift for over an hour." - bị mắc kẹt

tram

(noun) a vehicle that runs on rails along city streets; "There is easy access to the centre by ___." - xe điện

underground

(noun) an underground railway system; "It's convenient to travel by ___." - tàu điện ngầm

affect

(verb) to have an influence on something; "Air pollution ___s the health of millions of people." - ảnh hưởng, tác động

effect

(noun) a result or change produced by something; "The ___ of traffic congestion on daily life is significant." - tác động, hậu quả

announce

(verb) to tell people something officially; "The mayor ___d a new plan to reduce congestion." - thông báo

announcement

(noun) an official statement; "The city made an ___ about the new metro line." - bản thông báo, lời thông báo

compete

(verb) to take part in a contest; "Cities ___ to be named the most liveable in the world." - thi đấu, cạnh tranh

competition

(noun) a contest or the activity of competing; "There is fierce ___ between cities to attract tourists." - cuộc thi, sự cạnh tranh

competitor

(noun) a person or organisation that competes; "The city's main ___ for the title is Singapore." - người thi đấu, đối thủ

competitive

(adjective) relating to or involving competition; "House prices in big cities are highly ___." - có tính cạnh tranh

traffic congestion

(noun) a situation where roads are blocked by too many vehicles; "___ makes daily commuting very stressful." - tình trạng ùn tắc giao thông

construct

(verb) to build something; "The government plans to ___ a new metro line." - xây dựng

construction

(noun) the process of building something; "The ___ of the new bridge took three years." - sự xây dựng

dust

(noun/verb) fine dry powder, or to clean surfaces; "There is too much ___ in the city air." - bụi / lau bụi, phủi bụi

dusty

(adjective) covered with dust; "The streets are very ___ during the dry season." - đầy bụi, phủ bụi

entertain

(verb) to provide enjoyment for someone; "The city has many places to ___ visitors." - giải trí, tiêu khiển

entertainment

(noun) activities that provide enjoyment; "The city offers a wide range of ___." - hoạt động giải trí

entertaining

(adjective) enjoyable and interesting; "The street performances were very ___." - thú vị, hấp dẫn

exhaust

(noun) waste gases from a vehicle engine; "___ fumes from cars pollute the air in cities." - khí thải

exhausted

(adjective) extremely tired; "After commuting for two hours, she felt ___." - kiệt sức

expend

(verb) to use up energy or money; "Cities ___ large sums on public transport." - tiêu xài, chi tiêu

expense

(noun) the cost of something; "The ___ of living in the city is very high." - khoản chi phí

expensive

(adjective) costing a lot of money; "City centre apartments are ___." - đắt tiền

fancy

(verb) to feel like doing something; "Do you ___ going for a walk in the park?" - muốn, thích (làm gì)

modern

(adjective) relating to the present time; "___ cities use technology to manage traffic." - hiện đại

modernize

(verb) to make something more modern; "The city plans to ___ its public transport system." - hiện đại hóa

modernization

(noun) the process of becoming more modern; "The ___ of the metro system took five years." - sự hiện đại hóa

occur

(verb) to happen; "Traffic accidents often ___ at busy intersections." - xảy ra

occurrence

(noun) something that happens; "Traffic jams are a daily ___ in big cities." - điều xảy ra

packed with

(adjective) completely full of something; "The streets were ___ commuters during rush hour." - đông kín

pick sb up

(phrasal verb) to collect someone from a place; "She asked her husband to ___ the children ___ from school." - đón, rước (ai đó)

pollute

(verb) to make air, water, or land harmful; "Factories ___ the air with toxic gases." - gây ô nhiễm

pollution

(noun) the process of making the environment harmful; "Air ___ is a serious problem in many cities." - ô nhiễm

polluted

(adjective) made harmful by pollutants; "The river is heavily ___ and unsafe for swimming." - bị ô nhiễm

pollutant

(noun) a substance that pollutes the environment; "Carbon dioxide is a major ___ in cities." - chất gây ô nhiễm

price

(noun) the amount of money something costs; "House ___s in the city centre are very high." - giá cả

private

(adjective) not for public use, personal; "He prefers ___ transport to public buses." - riêng tư, cá nhân

privacy

(noun) the state of being away from others; "It's hard to find ___ in a crowded city." - sự riêng tư

probable

(adjective) likely to happen or be true; "It is ___ that the new metro line will open next year." - có thể xảy ra, có thật

probably

(adverb) likely; "The traffic will ___ be worse tomorrow morning." - có thể, có lẽ

rely on

(phrasal verb) to depend on someone or something; "Many people ___ public transport to get to work." - dựa vào, nhờ cậy

unreliable

(adjective) not able to be trusted; "The bus service is ___ during peak hours." - không đáng tin cậy

reliance

(noun) dependence on something; "Our ___ on private cars has caused serious congestion." - sự tin cậy, sự tín nhiệm

solve

(verb) to find a solution to a problem; "Better public transport could ___ the congestion problem." - giải quyết

solution

(noun) a way of solving a problem; "Building more metro lines is one ___ to traffic congestion." - cách giải quyết

stress

(noun) a feeling of being under too much pressure; "City life can cause a lot of ___." - sự căng thẳng, áp lực

stressed

(adjective) feeling worried and unable to relax; "Commuters often feel ___ after hours in traffic." - (bị) căng thẳng

stressful

(adjective) causing stress; "Rush hour commuting is very ___ for many workers." - gây căng thẳng

traffic

(noun) vehicles moving on roads; "___ is terrible during rush hour." - giao thông

traffic jam

(noun) a long line of vehicles unable to move; "There was a huge ___ on the motorway." - kẹt xe

ugly

(adjective) unpleasant to look at; "Some people find industrial areas ___." - xấu xí

ugliness

(noun) the quality of being unpleasant to look at; "The ___ of the new building upset many residents." - sự xấu xí

value

(noun/verb) the importance or worth of something; "Green spaces add ___ to city life." - giá trị / xem trọng, đánh giá cao

valuable

(adjective) worth a lot; "Land in the city centre is extremely ___." - quý giá

invaluable

(adjective) extremely useful; "Public transport is ___ for people without cars." - vô giá, vô cùng quý giá

valueless

(adjective) having no value; "Worthless or ___ items clutter the home." - không có giá trị

get itchy eyes

(phrase) to have eyes that feel irritated; "Air pollution can make you ___." - bị ngứa mắt

do the gardening

(phrase) to look after plants in a garden; "She loves to ___ on weekends." - làm vườn, chăm sóc cây

get online

(phrase) to access the internet; "Many people ___ to check transport updates." - truy cập Internet

go for a walk

(phrase) to walk for pleasure; "It's nice to ___ in the park after dinner." - đi dạo, đi bộ thư giãn

bustle

(verb/noun) to move or cause people to move energetically; "The market ___s with activity every morning." - tất bật / hoạt động nhộn nhịp

busy

(adjective) having a lot of things to do; "She is always ___ with work and family." - bận rộn

business

(noun) commercial activity; "The city's ___ district attracts many investors." - việc kinh doanh, thương mại

coast

(noun) the land along the edge of the sea; "Many people move to the ___ for a better quality of life." - bờ biển

coastal

(adjective) near or along the coast; "___ cities often have busy ports." - thuộc/gần bờ biển

commute

(verb/noun) to travel regularly between home and work; "She ___s two hours each way every day." - đi lại (đi làm) / quãng đường đi làm

commuter

(noun) a person who travels regularly to and from work; "The train was packed with morning ___s." - người đi làm (đi lại hàng ngày)

crime

(noun) illegal activity; "___ rates tend to be higher in large cities." - tội ác, tội phạm

criminal

(noun/adjective) a person who commits crimes, or relating to crime; "The police arrested the ___ near the city centre." - tên tội phạm / thuộc tội phạm

explain

(verb) to make something clear; "The guide ___ed the history of the city." - giải thích

explanation

(noun) a statement that makes something clear; "The city gave no ___ for the road closures." - lời giải thích