Ethnic differences in achievement, external factors - cultural deprivation

Intellectual linguistic skills - Bereiter and Engelmann

Language of low income black families as inadequate for success → ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.

+discriminated against at school → black speech is at bottom of speech hierachy

Family structures and parental support - Moynihan

Many black households are headed by lone mothers, lack of father figure leaves boys without role model for male educatoinal achievemnent as it is feminised - leading to edcuational failure.

+Becasue single mothers have to work long hours, children aren’t socialised properly, therefore not ready for the structured environment of school

+However, Sruton believes reason for academic failure was inability to confrom to British culture, as

Family structures and Parental support - Sewell

Lack of father figure:

Believed that lack of tough love (discipline, respect) from fathers (a male role model) was reason for black boys to have emotional and behavioral issues - disurpts learning at school.

+Black boys with no fathers also sought out nurture from street gangs with boys of similiar sitautions + educated by MTV (e.g 50 cent’s I am what I am ad for reebok trainers where he laughed when talks about being shot, making it seem cool.

Supported by Arnot who beleives media creates negative anti - school role models for black students which he describes as the ‘Ultra - tough Ghetto superstar’

+Peer pressured into not ‘selling out to white establishment’, which fathers would have taught them that vying for educational success isn’t betraying culture.

AO3: Driver - against cultural deprivation (e.g Bereiter and Engelmann)

Cultural deprivation theorists ignore positive impact of ehtnicity on achievement → black Caribbean family provides girls with positive rol model of strong independent women by showing what they are capable of, and that they shouldn’t rely on men for financial provision.