Photosynthesis

root hairs

tiny, thin extensions off lateral roots that increase the surface area, allowing it to absorb more water and nutrients

carbon dioxide

the source of carbon and oxygen in the Calvin Cycle

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

main root

also known as a taproot; anchors the plant in the ground

Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)

Takes place in the stroma, does NOT require light; produces glucose

cellulose

a polysaccharide plants make from glucose to build the cell wall structure, and contribute to the overall plant structure and biomass

monosaccharide

simple sugar, monomer of carbohydrates

starch

a polysaccharide plants make from glucose to serve as an energy source in times when photosynthesis is not actively taking place

glucose

C6H12O6, one of the products of photosynthesis and reactants of cellular respiration

guard cells

responsible for opening and closing stomata

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Elements in glucose

osmosis

diffusion of water across a membrane

oxygen

waste product of the light-dependent reactions

organ system

in organisms, a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

root system

All of a plant's roots that anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food

shoot system

The portion of a plant body located above the soil, consisting of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit

ATP (adeosine triphosphate)

specialized energy molecule in cells

stem

supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane

leaves

the site of photosynthesis in a plant

Chlorophyll

a type of pigment found in thylakoid membranes, reflects green wavelengths of light

Light dependent reaction

takes in light energy and water, and produces oxygen gas (waste), NADPH, and ATP

Photosynthesis

the process by which plants and some other organisms use light, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose

Stomata

openings on the underside of leaves, allow for gas exchange

Chloroplast

found in plant cells, the organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis

Thylakoids

a single structure arranged in stacks inside of the chloroplasts, site of the light-dependent reactions

Stroma

the fluid inside the chloroplasts, site of the Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O ---(light)---> C6H12O6 + 6O2