127 Ichthyology ( lecture 1)

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Last updated 5:55 PM on 10/2/26
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4 Terms

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Lecture 2 - phylogenetic of fishes

  1. Phylogenetic systematics : studying how organism are evolutionarily related

  2. General fish evolution: How fishes evolved and changed over time

  3. Molecular systematics: Using DNA/ genetic information to study evolutionary relationships


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Cladistics

a way o group organism based on their evolutionary relationships and traits


  • Clade

1 common ancestor

All descendants of that ancestor


  • Monophyletic group: a complete clade

has 1 common ancestor + all descendants


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Type of traits

  • Apomorphy : New traits

A trait that evolved more recently


  • Synapomorphy : Shared New traits

A new trait that is shared by organisms


  • Plesiomorphy: Old/ ancestral trait

A trait inherited from an older ancestor


Easy Memory

Apo: new

Syn: shared new traits

Plesio: Old ancestral trait


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<p>Types of groups </p>

Types of groups

  • Monophyletic

1 ancestor + all descendants


  • Paraphyletic

1 ancestor + not all descendants


  • Polyphyletic

Organism from multiple ancestor