PSY 101 Final

Personality

Unique and enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual, relatively consistent across situations.

Trait

A disposition to behave consistently; includes aspects of personality like motives, thoughts, feelings, and self concepts.

Behavioral thresholds

The points at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one.

Sigmund Freud's three layers of consciousness

Unconscious, preconscious, and conscious; with conscious being what we are aware of at any time.

Id

The part of the mind in Freud's model that is driven by impulses and desires.

Ego

The part of the self in Freud's model that interacts with the outside world, operating under the 'reality principle.'

Superego

The part of the self that monitors and controls behavior, acting as the conscience.

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious strategies used to protect the mind from anxiety, including repression and projection.

Alfred Adler's Striving for superiority

The major drive behind all behavior, emphasizing overcoming feelings of inferiority.

Carl Jung's Personal unconscious

The part of the unconscious that contains repressed and hidden thoughts, feelings, and motives.

Collective unconscious

The shared universal experiences passed down from our ancestors, containing archetypes.

Neurosis (Freud)

Originates from basic hostility and basic anxiety stemming from childhood conflicts.

Maslow's characteristics of self-actualizing individuals

Spontaneity, problem-centered focus, creativity, deep relationships, and resistance to enculturation.

Big Five Personality Traits

A model of personality consisting of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN).

Eysenck's three personality dimensions

Neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism, which represent dispositions toward certain behaviors.

Frustration-Aggression hypothesis

The idea that frustration from blocked goals can lead to aggressive behavior.

Bystander effect

The phenomenon in which the presence of others decreases the likelihood of individual help in emergencies.

Cognitive dissonance

The discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors, prompting a change in thoughts or actions.

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A model describing love as having three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Attachment Theory

A psychological model explaining how the bonds between infants and caregivers form a template for adult relationships.

Cult

An extremist group led by a charismatic leader that employs coercive methods to control and isolate its members.