MedStudy

1st and 2nd line test for diagnosing asthma

1st line: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry

2nd line (if 1st line is normal/non-diagnostic): bronchoprovocation (e.g. methacholine) challenge

What criteria on pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry is diagnostic of asthma?

Increase of 12% or greater in FEV1 after use of bronchodilator

5 causes of hypoxemia

1. V/Q mismatch

2. right to left shunting

3. decreased alveolar ventilation

4. decreased diffusion across alveoli

5. high altitude

What 3 factors shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation (aka oxygen saturation) curve to the right?

1. Increased temperature

2. Increased H+ (acidosis, increased pCO2)

3. Increased phosphorus (i.e. 2,3-DPG)

Which class of diuretics work at a low GFR, and which class does not?

Loop diuretics work at low GFR

Thiazide diuretics do not

Preferred treatment of isolated genital chlamydial infection for nonpregnant women

100 mg doxycycline PO BID x7 days

Preferred treatment for isolated gonococcal infection

500 mg ceftriaxone IM (or 1g IM if >150 kg)

Preferred treatment of chlamydia during pregnancy

1 g azithromycin PO once (can also use this for patients unlikely to take 7 days of doxycycline)

What chromosomal abnormality should be tested for in kids with glottic webs, and what syndrome are webs associated with?

22q11 gene deletions, to test for velocardiofacial syndrome

What rash looks like tinea corporis but is NOT scaly? (diagnosis and treatment)

Granuloma annulare

Often self-limiting, can be treated with topical corticosteroids

What nutrient deficiency is associated with treatment-refractory seizures in neonates?

Vitamin B6 (it’s needed to make GABA)

Patient presents with painful, pruritic papules, petechiae, and purpura which occurs on hands and feet and is sharply demarcated at wrists and ankles.

What do they have and what organism is the most common cause?

Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS)

Most common cause is parvovirus B19