Gastrointestinal Tract [Practice MC Questions]

The alimentary canal spans from:

A. Oral cavity to stomach

B. Esophagus to anus

C. Pharynx to ileum

D. Mouth to rectum

E. Oral cavity to large intestine

B

True/False: Digestion begins in the oral cavity.

True

Which is NOT part of the four layers of the GI tract?

A. Stratified squamous epithelium

B. Columnar epithelium

C. Lamina propria

D. Serosa

E. Muscularis mucosae

A (only located in the esophagus)

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) includes all EXCEPT:

A. Appendix

B. Lacteals

C. Peyer's patches

D. Lymph nodes in the spleen

D

I. Secondary lymphoid organs house lymphocytes but do not form them.

II. Bone marrow and thymus are examples of secondary lymphoid organs.

A. Both true

B. Both false

C. I true, II false

D. I false, II true

C

Which feature is most abundant in the jejunum?

A. Villi

B. Plicae circulares

C. Microvilli

D. Brunner's glands

E. Paneth cells

B

The three types of glands in the GI mucosa include:

A. Mucosal, submucosal, extramural

B. Cardiac, fundic, pyloric

C. Crypt, pit, alveolar

D. Gastric, Brunner, parotid

A

True/False: Microvilli are finger-like projections of mucosa visible grossly.

False

The lamina propria contains all EXCEPT:

A. Loose connective tissue

B. Lacteals

C. Peyer's patches

D. Kupffer cells

D

Which layer contracts perpendicularly to create rolling contractions?

A. Circular muscularis externa

B. Longitudinal muscularis externa

C. Muscularis mucosae

D. Submucosa

E. Serosa

A

Submucosa is primarily composed of:

A. Loose CT

B. Dense irregular CT with collagen

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

D. Adipose tissue

B

True/False: The serosa contains mesothelium and adipose connective tissue.

True

Which sphincter prevents gastric acid reflux?

A. Pharyngoesophageal

B. Inferior esophageal

C. Pyloric

D. Ileocecal

E. Internal anal

B

The pyloric sphincter controls flow from:

A. Esophagus → stomach

B. Stomach → duodenum

C. Ileum → cecum

D. Rectum → anus

B

Regions of the stomach include all EXCEPT:

A. Cardia

B. Fundus

C. Body

D. Pyloric region

E. Cecum

E

Rugae in the stomach allow for:

A. Increased acid production

B. Expansion and contraction

C. Vitamin B12 absorption

D. Peristalsis

B

Parietal cells produce:

A. Pepsinogen

B. Mucus

C. HCl and intrinsic factor

D. IgA

E. Bile salts

C

Intrinsic factor is necessary for absorption of:

A. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin B12

C. Vitamin D

D. Folate

B

Which vitamin deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and burning mouth?

A. B1

B. B6

C. B12

D. K

C

Which region has Brunner's glands?

A. Duodenum

B. Jejunum

C. Ileum

D. Colon

A

True/False: IgA is the predominant antibody in the intestinal mucosa.

True

Paneth cells are located in:

A. Brunner's glands

B. Fundic glands

C. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

D. Peyer's patches

C

Crohn's disease reduces IgA in the intestine due to:

A. Decreased Peyer's patches

B. Autoimmune destruction of mucosa

C. Vitamin C deficiency

D. Paneth cell hyperplasia

B

The colon mucosa is unique because it:

A. Has villi but no glands

B. Has folds with Paneth cells

C. Has crypts but no Paneth cells

D. Is lined with stratified squamous epithelium

C

Which of the following is NOT a main function of the colon?

A. Water reabsorption

B. Electrolyte reabsorption

C. Nutrient absorption

D. Fecal matter condensation

C

Hirschsprung disease results from absence of:

A. Submucosal plexus

B. Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)

C. Paneth cells

D. Peyer's patches

B

Megacolon is associated with dysfunction of:

A. Auerbach myenteric plexus

B. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

C. Paneth cells

D. Parietal cells

A

Ulcerative colitis involves:

A. Patchy lesions in small intestine

B. Entire segments of colonic mucosa

C. Genetic absence of myenteric plexus

D. Parietal cell destruction

B

Crohn's disease differs because:

A. It is limited to colon

B. It involves skipped lesions anywhere in GI tract

C. It spares oral cavity

D. It is non-inflammatory

B

Which GI disease presents with bald tongue (loss of filiform papillae)?

A. Ulcerative colitis

B. Crohn's disease

C. Megaloblastic anemia

D. Hirschsprung disease

C

The inner circular layer of muscularis externa is responsible for:

A. Peristalsis

B. Segmentation contractions

C. Enzyme secretion

D. Bile release

B

Auerbach's myenteric plexus primarily:

A. Controls segmentation

B. Controls GI motility and peristalsis

C. Stimulates IgA secretion

D. Produces mucus

B

A patient with chronic GERD likely has dysfunction of which sphincter?

A. Pharyngoesophageal

B. Inferior esophageal

C. Pyloric

D. Ileocecal

B

A patient with pernicious anemia is deficient in:

A. Vitamin B6

B. Vitamin C due to collagen synthesis defect

C. Vitamin D due to sunlight deficiency

D. Vitamin B12 due to intrinsic factor deficiency

D

A newborn with distended abdomen, constipation, and megacolon most likely has:

A. Ulcerative colitis

B. Crohn's disease

C. Hirschsprung disease

D. B12 deficiency

C

A patient presents with enlarged red tongue, burning mouth, and macrocytic RBCs. Cause?

A. Iron deficiency

B. Vitamin B12 deficiency

C. Folate deficiency

D. Vitamin D deficiency

B

Which is INCORRECT regarding gastric glands?

A. Fundic glands produce gastric juice

B. Parietal cells produce HCl

C. Intrinsic factor is secreted by chief cells

D. Mucous cells line the pits

C

Which is CORRECT about Brunner's glands?

A. Located in submucosa of jejunum

B. Neutralize acidic chyme

C. Found in ileum only

D. Secrete pepsinogen

B

I. Ulcerative colitis involves skipped lesions.

II. Crohn's disease is multifocal and systemic.

A. Both true

B. Both false

C. I true, II false

D. I false, II true

D

Which antibody predominates in intestinal mucosa?

A. IgM

B. IgA

C. IgG

D. IgE

B

Which vitamin deficiency is classically associated with burning mouth and bald tongue?

A. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin B12

D. Vitamin A

C

Which organ is most affected in ulcerative colitis?

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Colon

D. Esophagus

C

Which GI region has no folds and contains crypts but no villi?

A. Esophagus

B. Duodenum

C. Colon

D. Jejunum

C

Which nervous plexus is absent in Hirschsprung disease?

A. Meissner's submucosal

B. Auerbach's myenteric

C. Vagus parasympathetic

D. Hypogastric

B

A 22-year-old presents with patchy ulcers in ileum and oral cavity. Diagnosis?

A. Ulcerative colitis

B. Crohn's disease

C. Hirschsprung disease

D. Gastritis

B (note: oral ulcers are a common sign of Crohn's)

Which gland is located in the submucosa of the duodenum and secretes alkaline mucus to neutralize chyme?

A. Fundic glands

B. Brunner's glands

C. Parotid glands

D. Pyloric glands

E. Paneth glands

B

The crypts of Lieberkühn are found in:

A. Stomach only

B. Small intestine only

C. Large intestine only

D. Both small and large intestine

E. Stomach

D

The lamina propria of the mucosa contains:

A. Dense irregular CT and Peyer's patches

B. Loose CT, capillaries, lacteals, and immune cells

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

D. Circular muscle only

E. Only Paneth cells

B

Which is a primary function of the colon?

A. Fat digestion

B. Protein absorption

C. Water and electrolyte absorption

D. Vitamin B12 absorption

E. Enzyme secretion

C

The stomach performs all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A. Protein digestion

B. Mechanical churning

C. Secretion of intrinsic factor

D. Major site of lipid absorption

E. Secretion of HCl

D

The ileum is specialized for absorption of which vitamin?

A. Vitamin B1

B. Vitamin B6

C. Vitamin B12

D. Vitamin D

E. Vitamin K

C

Which GI layer is directly responsible for peristalsis?

A. Mucosa

B. Submucosa

C. Muscularis externa

D. Serosa

E. Adventitia

C