PSY 210 Quiz 5 Study Guide

Growth

development

Eating Behavior

Patterns and habits related to food consumption.

Enhance safety

Use ergonomic tools to prevent workplace injuries.

Symbolic function

Piaget's first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present (between about 2 and 4 years of age).

Mountain Task

the experiment that Piaget conducted to determine whether or not children were egocentric; found that most 4 year olds were and most 6 year olds were not and that by age 7, almost all children are no longer egocentric

Conservation Task

in Piaget's theory, the ability to recognize the quantity or amount of an object remains constant despite superficial changes in its outward appearance

Salient Dimensions

Features that stand out and capture attention.

Executive Function

An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex. Executive function involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.

Causes of Death

Leading causes of deaths for in children 1 to 4 were accidents (drowning being the most common, followed by motor vehicles), congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities and cancer.

Theory of Mind

refers to the awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others

Syntax

the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences

Semantics

the meaning of words and sentences

Literacy

Use books to initiate conversation with young children, use what and why questions, encourage children to ask questions about stories, and choose some books that play with language

child-centered kindergarten

Education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles.

Montessori approach

An educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire.

Project Head Start

A government-funded program that is designed to provide children from low-income families the opportunity to acquire the skills and experiences important for school success.