Bio Characteristics of living things and 5 kingdoms

What does MRS GHREN stand for?

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, homeostasis, excretion and nutrition

Movement

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change in position or place

respiration

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrients and release energy for metabolism

sensitivity

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Growth

A permanent increase in size and dry mass

Homeostatis

The control and maintenance of a constant internal environment

Excretion

The removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirments

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Plants, animals, Fungus, protoctists and bacterium

Why are viruses not considered living?

They lack cellular structure, cannot preform independent metabolism and cannot reproduce on their own

Six characteristics of plants

eukaryotes

Always multicellular

Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose

Cells have chloroplasts to do photosynthesis

Cell walls made out of cellulose

Eg: cereals like maize and herbaceous legumes like beans

6 characteristics of Animals

eukaryotes

Always multicellular

Stores carbohydrates as glycogen

Uses nerve coordination and are able to move around

No chloroplasts or cell walls

Eg, mammals and insects

Characteristics of fungus

eukaryotes

Unicellular or multicellular

They are saprotrophic meaning they secretarial extracellular enzymes that digest food material which is then absorbed

Eg, multicellular hyphae like mucor and unicellular fungi like yeast

Characteristics of Protoctists

eukaryotes

Can be unicellular or multicellular

Some protoctists like amoebas have more features like animal cells

Some protoctists like chlorella have more features like plant cells

Some protoctists are pathogens and parasitic like plasmodium that causes malaria in humans

Characteristics of bacterium

Prokaryotes

Some bacteria do photosynthesis, but most live off of organisms

Cells do have cell walls

They have plasmids which are loops of circular DNA that can be transferred between bacteria

Eg, the rod-shaped lactobacillus Bulgaria, used to make yogurt, and the spherical-shaped pneumococcus which the the pathogen that cause pneumonia in humans