Water Properties and Chemical Reactions Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering the properties of water, types of chemical bonds, energy conservation, and ethanol combustion reactions.

Cohesion

The attraction between two water molecules, which is responsible for properties such as surface tension.

Adhesion

The property of water molecules being attracted to different types of molecules.

Surface tension

A property of water that is caused entirely by cohesion between water molecules.

Covalent bond

A bond within a water molecule between hydrogen and oxygen where atoms share electrons.

Hydrogen bond

A weak bond between the slight positive charge of hydrogen in one water molecule and the slight negative charge of oxygen in another water molecule.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms give and take electrons.

High energy bonds

Bonds between carbon and carbon ($C-C$) or carbon and hydrogen ($C-H$) that store energy in molecules like ethanol ($C_2H_5OH$).

Chemical potential energy

The form of stored energy present within the $C-C$ and $C-H$ bonds of an ethanol molecule.

Law of conservation of mass

The principle stating that mass and matter cannot be created or destroyed, meaning atoms are only rearranged into different molecules during a reaction.

Reactants

Substances typically found on the left side of a chemical reaction equation, such as ethanol and oxygen before burning.

Products

Substances typically found on the right side of a chemical reaction equation, such as carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and water ($H_2O$) after ethanol burns.

Combustion reaction

A chemical change that occurs whenever a substance burns in the presence of oxygen.

Exothermic reaction

A reaction that releases energy by breaking high energy bonds; all combustion reactions are examples of this.

Skeleton equation

A chemical equation that is set up correctly with reactants and products but is not balanced with coefficients.