exercise phys 2

what are the main sources of energy in our body

fats, carbs, proteins

what are fats

long carbon chains that have lots of energy

where are fats stored

adipose tissue, muscle and non energy functions

what is the physical feature of a fat

a triglyceride with 3 branched chains

where are carbs stored

liver, blood, muscle, brain

how does having an enzyme affect energy

enzymes lower activation energy allowing energy to breakdown quicker

why is the constant breakdown of enrgy important

allows work to be done, muscle contraction

what are the 3 metabolic pathways

ATP-PCr, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation

what is ATP PCr

creatine kinase breaks down PCr to a phosphate group, creatine and energy

what are characteristics of ATP PCr

simple, quick, limited 3-15 seconds

what are characteristics of glycolysis

quick, provides more energy, more effective about 2 minutes

what goes through oxidative phosphorylation

fats proteins and carbs

what is the common entry point for in krebs cycle

acetyl coa

what catalyzes glucose to Glu-6-P

hexokinase

what speeds up glycolysis

phosphofructokinase increases ADP and Phosphate concentrations

how much atp is produced from glucose in the blood vessel

2

how much ATP is produced when starting from glycogen

3

what are the products of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

what forms from inadequate supply of oxygen in pyruvate

lactate through the enzyme lacate hydrogenases

what does pyruvate get catalyzed to with the presence of O2

acetly coa

what is the purpose of beta oxidation

convert free fatty acids into acetyl coa to be entered into Krebs cycle

what are the products of the Krebs Cycle

3 NADH, 2 FADH, 1 ATP, 2 CO2 per spin

how does the electron transport chain get its hydrogen ions

hydrogen ions released from glycolysis and pyruvic acid converting to acetyl Coa get released and combine to make NADH and FADH

what is important about carbon molecules

more carbon creates more ATP/energy

what is the purpose of NADH and FADH in the ETC

carry the hydrogen ions to electron transport chain

what is the purpose of the electron transport chain

formation of water drives production of ATP

what are the by products of metabolism

ATP + CO2 + H2O + H + heat

what is true about exercise and production of H

the harder you exercise the more H you produce

what are the 3 fates of lactate

converted back to pyruvate in the same muscle fiber, same but in neighboring fiber, goes to blood the liver to create a reverse glycolysis

what is the enzyme that is in ATP-PCr

creatine kinase

what is the enzyme that is in glycolyis

hexokinase, phophofructokinase

what is the enzyme that is in oxidative phosphorylation

citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase

what does creatine kinase do in ATP PCr

break PCr into a phosphate and creatine group and free energy

how is ATP produced in ATP PCr

free phosphate, ADP and free energy combine

what are hormones

any chemical that acts on body’s processes

what are characteristics of steroids

lipid soluble, derived from cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisol, aldosterone

what are characteristics of nonsteroids

not lipid soluble, rely on 2nd messenger

what are regulations of hormonal activity

changing hormonal level, changing receptor level number

what is up regulation

increase number of receptors and sensitivity to hormone

what is down regulation

decrease number of receptors, desensitize cell to hormone