Herps salamanders and caecilians lab

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Last updated 3:18 PM on 9/13/26
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28 Terms

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Caecilian

212 species, restricted to tropics, internal fertilization, limbs absent, eyes reduced, tentacles = retractable chemosensory organs

<p>212 species, restricted to tropics, internal fertilization, limbs absent, eyes reduced, tentacles = retractable chemosensory organs</p>
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Family Sirenidae

the sirens! fully aquatic - lack pelvic girdles and hind limbs, paedomorphic features (no eyelids, external gills)

<p>the sirens! fully aquatic - lack pelvic girdles and hind limbs, paedomorphic features (no eyelids, external gills)</p>
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Family Cryptobranchidae

Hellbenders and Asiatic giant salamanders! largest extant salamanders, vestigial lungs but cutaneous respiration (hidden gills), also fully aquatic

<p>Hellbenders and Asiatic giant salamanders! largest extant salamanders, vestigial lungs but cutaneous respiration (hidden gills), also fully aquatic</p>
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Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Hellbender!

largest salamanders in west (mass)

5 toes on hind limbs and 4 on fore limbs (contrast to mudpuppy)

fall breeders, feed on crayfish

<p>Hellbender! </p><p>largest salamanders in west (mass)</p><p>5 toes on hind limbs and 4 on fore limbs (contrast to mudpuppy)</p><p>fall breeders, feed on crayfish</p>
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Family Salimandridae

newts and european salamanders!

no costal grooves

typically brightly colored, aposematic

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Notophthalmus viridescens

Eastern (red-spotted) newt!

habitat generalist, efts in any forest adults in any pond/water body

<p>Eastern (red-spotted) newt! </p><p>habitat generalist, efts in any forest adults in any pond/water body</p>
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Family Ambystomatidae

mole salamanders

large stout bodies and limbs with blunt heads

costal grooves, no nasolabial grooves

fossorial except breeding/dispersal migrations

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Ambystoma maculatum

spotted salamander

rows of yellow spots, broad head

prominent costal ridges, stout limbs

<p>spotted salamander</p><p>rows of yellow spots, broad head</p><p>prominent costal ridges, stout limbs</p>
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Ambystoma jeffersonianum

Jefferson’s salamander

brownish gray with light flecking

really long toes?!

broad headed with long tail

<p>Jefferson’s salamander</p><p>brownish gray with light flecking</p><p>really long toes?!</p><p>broad headed with long tail</p>
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Ambystoma laterale

Blue-spotted salamander

the dark one with blue spots duh

remember the A. jeffersonium-laterale complex…

parthenogenetic reproduction with occasional incorporation of sperm

<p>Blue-spotted salamander</p><p>the dark one with blue spots duh</p><p>remember the A. jeffersonium-laterale complex…</p><p>parthenogenetic reproduction with occasional incorporation of sperm</p>
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Ambystoma opacum

Marbled salamander

cross-bands from head to tail on black body

sexually dimorphic - males white, females gray

breeds in fall

<p>Marbled salamander</p><p>cross-bands from head to tail on black body</p><p>sexually dimorphic - males white, females gray</p><p>breeds in fall</p>
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Ambystoma tigrinum

eastern tiger salamander

stout with strong legs and long, keeled tail

yellow/tan spots or blotches on dark body

new york’s largest terrestrial salamander!

different from spotted salamanders by having yellow under chin, on sides

<p>eastern tiger salamander</p><p>stout with strong legs and long, keeled tail</p><p>yellow/tan spots or blotches on dark body</p><p>new york’s largest terrestrial salamander!</p><p>different from spotted salamanders by having yellow under chin, on sides </p>
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Family Proteidae

waterdogs, mudpuppies, the olm

fully aquatic, paedomorphic

inhabit streams, lakes, slow rivers

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Nacturus maculosus

common mudpuppy

4 toes on ALL 4 LIMBS

fully aquatic, external gills

habitat generalist - any body of water

<p>common mudpuppy</p><p>4 toes on ALL 4 LIMBS</p><p>fully aquatic, external gills</p><p>habitat generalist - any body of water</p>
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Family Rhyacotritonidae

torrent salamanders

in coastal PNW

small bodied with reduced lungs

lives in cold, shaded seepages in old growth conifer forest

<p>torrent salamanders</p><p>in coastal PNW</p><p>small bodied with reduced lungs</p><p>lives in cold, shaded seepages in old growth conifer forest</p>
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Family Amphiumidae

“congo snakes”

heavy bodied, eel-like with 4 TINY limbs

paedomorphic, fully aquatic

can survive drought by burrowing and aestivating for 2+ years

<p>“congo snakes”</p><p>heavy bodied, eel-like with 4 TINY limbs</p><p>paedomorphic, fully aquatic</p><p>can survive drought by burrowing and aestivating for 2+ years</p>
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Family Plethodontidae

lungless salamanders

most diverse and species-rich salamander family

cutaneous respiration

nasolabial grooves!!!

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Desmognathus fuscus

Northern dusky salamander

keeled tail lighter in color

bulky hind legs

eye stripe

streams/seeps in mature forests

<p>Northern dusky salamander</p><p>keeled tail lighter in color</p><p>bulky hind legs</p><p>eye stripe</p><p>streams/seeps in mature forests</p>
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Desmognathus ochrophaeus

Allegheny mountain dusky salamander

rounded tail

color variation, but has the dusky features (eye line, stout hind legs)

also streams/seeps of mixed deciduous forests

<p>Allegheny mountain dusky salamander</p><p>rounded tail</p><p>color variation, but has the dusky features (eye line, stout hind legs)</p><p>also streams/seeps of mixed deciduous forests</p>
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Eurycea bislineata

northern two-lined salamander

yellow brown, with two black stripes running down back

on land but highly aquatic, rarely far from water

<p>northern two-lined salamander</p><p>yellow brown, with two black stripes running down back</p><p>on land but highly aquatic, rarely far from water</p>
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Eurycea longicauda

long-tailed salamander

super long tail!

highly terrestrial as adults - mines, cave mouths, springs, streams

<p>long-tailed salamander</p><p>super long tail!</p><p>highly terrestrial as adults - mines, cave mouths, springs, streams</p>
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Grynophilus porphyriticus

Spring/purple salamander

largest plethodontid in NYS

light line from eye to nostril bordered by grey pigment

major predator of other salamanders

rocky brooks, seeps, springs, streams

<p>Spring/purple salamander</p><p>largest plethodontid in NYS</p><p>light line from eye to nostril bordered by grey pigment</p><p>major predator of other salamanders</p><p>rocky brooks, seeps, springs, streams</p>
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Hemidactylium scutatum

four-toed salamander

white underbelly sprinkled with black dots

constriction at the body-tail junction

posterior limbs have four toes

swamps and woodlands, often with Sphagnum

<p>four-toed salamander</p><p>white underbelly sprinkled with black dots</p><p>constriction at the body-tail junction</p><p>posterior limbs have four toes</p><p>swamps and woodlands, often with Sphagnum</p>
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Plethodon cinereus

eastern red-backed salamander

most abundant salamander in NYS

forest dwellers with direct development

many different color morphs, but you know this one

<p>eastern red-backed salamander</p><p>most abundant salamander in NYS</p><p>forest dwellers with direct development</p><p>many different color morphs, but you know this one</p>
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Plethodon glutinosus

northern slimy salamander

direct development - no water

upland mixed forest, talus slopes

grey with white speckles, stout body


<p>northern slimy salamander</p><p>direct development - no water</p><p>upland mixed forest, talus slopes</p><p>grey with white speckles, stout body</p><p></p>
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Plethodon wehrlei

Wehrle’s salamander

white or cream flecks with gray belly

webbed feet - no clue why

uphill sections of forest

xeric specialist with high desiccation resistance

<p>Wehrle’s salamander</p><p>white or cream flecks with gray belly</p><p>webbed feet - no clue why</p><p>uphill sections of forest</p><p>xeric specialist with high desiccation resistance</p>
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Pseudotriton ruber

Red salamander

golden eyes

NO white line along nasolabial grooves

habitat generalist - streams, springs, ponds, bogs in forest

<p>Red salamander</p><p>golden eyes</p><p>NO white line along nasolabial grooves</p><p>habitat generalist - streams, springs, ponds, bogs in forest</p>