Micro Drugs list Unit 3 test

Molecular Target: Bacterial Cell wall Synthesis
Mechanism of Action: Interact directly with PBPs and inhibit transpeptidase activity

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems

Molecule Target: Bacterial Cell wall synthesis
Mechanism of Action: Large molecules that bind to the peptide chain of peptidoglycan subunits, blocking transglycosylation and transpeptididation

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

Molecular Target: Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis

Mechanism of Action: Block transport of peptidoglycan subunits across cytoplasmic membrane

Bacitracin

Molecular Target: 30S subunit

Mechanism of Action: Causes mismatches between codons and anticodons, leading to faulty proteins that insert into and disrupt cytoplasmic membrane

Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, kanamycin)

Molecular Target: 30S subunit

Mechanism of Action: Blocks association of tRNAs with ribosome

Tetracylines (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, tigecycline)

Molecular Target: 50S subunit
Mechanism of Action: Blocks peptide bond formation between amino acids

Macrolides, Lincosamides, Chloramphenicol

Molecular Target: 50S subunit / 30S subunit

Mechanism of Action: Interferes with the formation of the initiation complex between 50S and 30S subunits and other factors

Oxazolidinones (Linezolid)

Molecular Target: Bacterial Membrane Function

Mechanism of Action: Interacts with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, killing the cell through he eventual disruption of the outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane",

Polymyxins (Polymyxin B, Polymyxin E/ colistin)

Molecular Target: Bacterial Membrane Function

Mechanism of Action: Inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-positive bacteria, disrupting the membrane and killing the cell

Lipopeptide (Daptomycin)

Molecular Target: Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase activity and blocks transcription, killing the cell

Rifamycin (Rifampin)

Molecular Target: Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase and blocks DNA replication, killing the cell

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, ofoxacin, moxifloxacin)

Molecular Target: Antimetabolite Drugs (Folic acid synthesis)

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the enzyme involved in production of dihydrofolic acid,

Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole), Sulfones (Dapsone)

Molecular Target: Antimetabolite Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the enzyme involved in the production of tetrahydrofolic acid

Trimethoprim

Molecular Target: Antimetabolite Drugs (Mycolic acid synthesis)

Mechanism of Action: Interferes with the synthesis of mycolic acid

Isoniazid

Molecular Target: Common Antifungal Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Imidazoles, Triazoles, Allylamines

Molecular Target: Common Antifungal Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Bind ergosterol in the cell membrane and create pores that disrupt the membrane

Polyenes (Nystatin, Amphotericin B)

Molecular Target: Common Antifungal Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Echinocandins (Caspofungin), Nikkomycin Z

Molecular Target: Common Antifungal Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit microtubules and cell division

Griseofulvin

Molecular Target: Common Antiprotozoan Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit electron transport in mitochondria

Napthoquinone (atovaquone)

Molecular Target: Common Antiprotozoan Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit folic acid synthesis

Proquanil, Sulfonamide (Sulfadiazine), Pyrimethamine

Molecular Target: Common Antiprotozoan Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Produces damaging reactive oxygen species

Artemisinin

Molecular Target: Common Antiprotozoan Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit DNA synthesis

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole, tinidazole), Pentamidine

Molecular Target: Common Antiprotozoan Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit heme detoxification

Quinolones (Chlorquine, Mepacrine, melfoquine)

Molecular Target: Common Antihelminthic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit microtubule formation, reducing glucose uptake

Benzimidazoles (Mebendazole, Albendazole)

Molecular Target: Common Antihelminthic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Block neuronal transmission, causing paralysis and starvation

Avermectins (Ivermectin)

Molecular Target: Common Antihelminthic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit ATP production

Niclosamide

Molecular Target: Common Antihelminthic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Induce calcium influx

Praziquantel

Molecular Target: Common Antihelminthic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit RNA synthesis

Thioxanthenones (Lucanthone, hycanthone, oxamniquine)

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Nucleoside analog inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Acyclovir, Azidothymidine/zidovudine (AZT), Ribavirin, Vidarabine, Sofosbuvir

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Non-nucleoside noncompetitive inhibition,

Etravirine

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit escape of virus from endosomes

Amantadine, Rimantadine

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit neuraminidase

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibit viral uncoating

Pleconaril

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of protease

(1/2)

Ritonavir, Simeprevir

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of integrase

(2/2)

Raltegravir

Molecular Target: Common Antiviral Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of membrane fusion

Enfuvirtide