Matter & Heat Unit TEST

What is a beaker?

A cylinder-shaped glass container used to mix or heat liquids.

What is a graduated cylinder?

A container used to measure the volume of a liquid.

What is a triple beam balance?

A tool used to measure mass using 3 beams with sliding masses.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What is mass?

The amount of matter in an object or substance.

What is an atom?

A microscopic unit of matter; the smallest particle that can exist.

What is a molecule?

A group of 2 or more atoms.

What is an element?

A pure substance made of the same type of atom throughout.

What does classify mean?

To group things together based on similar traits.

What is a physical state?

The classification of matter as a solid, liquid, or gas.

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What is a physical change?

A change that does not change what the material is made of.

Give an example of a physical change.

Melting is a physical change.

What is a chemical change?

A change that turns one substance into an entirely different substance.

Give examples of chemical changes.

Cooking, burning, and rusting.

What is an insulator?

A material that slows or stops heat or electric current from flowing.

Give an example of an insulator.

A plastic coating.

What is a conductor?

A material that allows heat or electric current to flow through easily.

Give an example of a conductor.

A metal wire.

What is an ingredient?

A single part of a mixture or solution.

What is a mixture?

2 or more substances that keep their own properties and can be separated.

What is a solution?

A mixture in which one substance is dissolved evenly in another.

Mixture vs. solution: what is the main difference?

A solution is evenly dissolved; mixture parts keep their properties.

What does dissolve mean?

To be absorbed in a liquid and mixed evenly.

What is solubility?

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent.

What is a solvent?

The substance that dissolves a solute; water is the most common.

What is a solute?

The substance that dissolves in a solvent.

Solute vs. solvent: which one gets dissolved?

The solute gets dissolved by the solvent.

In sugar water, what is the solute?

Sugar.

In sugar water, what is the solvent?

Water.

What is volume?

A measure of how much space matter occupies.

What is water displacement?

Finding solid volume by placing it in a known amount of liquid.

How do you calculate volume using water displacement?

Final water volume - starting water volume.

What is density?

How much matter is in a substance compared with its volume.

What is relative density?

Comparing one material's density with another material, usually water.

What is the density formula?

Density = mass / volume; D = m / V.

How do you calculate density?

Divide the object's mass by its volume.

What is the volume formula for a rectangular solid?

Volume = length x width x height; V = l x w x h.

What happens to the units when finding rectangular volume?

The units are cubed, such as cm^3.

If an object floats in water, what does relative density show?

It is less dense than water.

If an object sinks in water, what does relative density show?

It is more dense than water.

What is boiling point?

The temperature when a substance changes from liquid to gas.

What is water's boiling point on the vocabulary chart?

100 C or 212 F.

What is melting point?

The temperature when a substance changes from solid to liquid.

What is water's melting point?

0 C or 32 F.

What is freezing point?

The temperature when a substance changes from liquid to solid.

What is water's freezing point?

0 C or 32 F.

What is evaporation?

A physical change from a liquid to a gas.

During evaporation, is heat added or removed?

Heat energy is added: liquid + heat -> gas.

What is condensation?

A physical change from a gas to a liquid.

During condensation, is heat added or removed?

Heat energy is removed: gas - heat -> liquid.

What is melting?

A phase change from solid to liquid.

During melting, is heat added or removed?

Heat energy is added: solid + heat -> liquid.

What is freezing?

A phase change from liquid to solid.

During freezing, is heat added or removed?

Heat energy is removed: liquid - heat -> solid.

What causes materials to change state?

The addition or removal of heat.

What is heat?

Transfer of energy due to a difference in temperature.

What is temperature?

A measure of the kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.

Heat vs. temperature: what is the difference?

Heat is energy transfer; temperature measures particle kinetic energy.

Study Guide: What are the formulas for volume and density?

Volume: V = l x w x h. Density: D = m / V.

Study Guide: How do you calculate density?

Divide mass by volume: D = m / V.

Study Guide: What is the density of water?

1 g/mL, which is the same as 1 g/cm^3.

Study Guide: What unit is commonly used for density?

g/cm^3 for solids; g/mL for liquids.

Study Guide: What is relative density?

A comparison of one substance's density to another, usually water.

Study Guide: How do you use water displacement?

Subtract starting water volume from final water volume to get object volume.

Study Guide: Solubility vs. solute vs. solution?

Solubility = how much dissolves; solute = dissolved substance; solution = even mixture.

Study Guide: What is the difference between a mixture and solution?

A solution is evenly mixed; a mixture's parts keep their own properties.

Study Guide: What qualities do mixtures and solutions have?

Mixtures combine substances; solutions are mixtures with a solute evenly dissolved in a solvent.

Study Guide: What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

Study Guide: What are the properties of solids?

Definite shape and volume; particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place.

Study Guide: What are the properties of liquids?

Definite volume, no definite shape; particles stay close but slide past one another.

Study Guide: What are the properties of gases?

No definite shape or volume; particles are far apart and move freely.

Study Guide: Heat vs. temperature?

Heat is energy moving between objects; temperature measures particle kinetic energy.

Study Guide: How does heat flow?

From warmer matter to cooler matter until temperatures become more equal.

Study Guide: What happens when most substances are heated?

Particles move faster and spread farther apart; most substances expand.

Study Guide: What happens when most substances are cooled?

Particles move slower and get closer together; most substances contract.

Study Guide: Conduction vs. convection vs. radiation?

Conduction = direct contact; convection = moving fluid; radiation = electromagnetic waves.

Study Guide: What is the purpose of a density tower?

To compare densities by observing how liquids and objects layer, float, or sink.

Study Guide: How do liquids compare in a density tower?

Denser liquids settle lower; less dense liquids stay above them.

Study Guide: How do objects compare in a density tower?

An object sinks through less-dense layers and floats when it reaches a denser layer.