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Adrenal gland

________- secretes aldosterone (an antidiuretic) and adrenaline (i.e epinephrine); cortisol.

Vasa Recta

________ brings nutrients and oxygen to the medullary nephron segments and remove the water and solute that is continuously added to the medullary interstitum by these nephron segments.

Distal tubule

________ is the neuphron segment between the Loop of Henle and the collecting duct.

kidneys medulla

The ________ is HYPERTONIC to the cortex.

GFR

________ is detected by macula densa cells.

Filtration

________ occurs in the Glomerulus.

RBCs

________ should NOT be found in urine- NO cells should be found in urine (small amounts are okay)

Bowmans

________ capsule surrounds the glomerular capillary loops and helps filter blood from the glomerular capillaries.

Renin

________ is a hormone, made by macula densa.

Pancreas

________ has alpha and beta cells that make glucagon and insulin & acymine cells that secrete digestive enzymes.

Afferent vessels

________ carry blood to the glomerulus and is a branch of the renal vein & Efferent vessels take the blood that contain nitrogenous waste away from the glomerulus.

Urinary tract infection

________, UTI, is very difficult to diagnose because when we open the cap to do the urine sample, its already contaminated by airborne particles everywhere.

CO2

If someone has kidney failure, they can have too much CO2 in their blood- Kidneys and the lungs get rid of ________.

Specific Gravity←

________ how concentrated your urine is as compared to water.

distal tubule

They respond to the sodium concentration in the fluid within the ________.

Controls blood volume aka plasma levels

kidneys only interact with the plasma portion of the blood

pH (of kidneys)

4-7

If someone has kidney failure, they can have too much CO2 in their blood

Kidneys and the lungs get rid of CO2

Role

absorption of ions and reabsorption of water

Adrenal gland

secretes aldosterone (an antidiuretic) and adrenaline( i.e epinephrine); cortisol

Clear Cut Lab

Urine Analysis

Urine testing

looks for RBCs, WBCs

RBCs should NOT be found in urine

NO cells should be found in urine (small amounts are okay)

Pituitary gland

all this gland does is make hormones (primary endocrine gland) , however the kidney, liver, lungs also make hormones← (secondary endocrine gland)