PROF ED 2

Teacher is the main source/director of instruction

Teacher-Centered Approach

Learners actively participate and take greater responsibility for learning.

Learner-Centered Approach

Learning occurs through interaction between teacher and learners or among learners

Interactive Approach

Learners construct knowledge based on experiences and prior knowledge

Constructive Approach

Learners work together toward a common learning goal.

Collaborative Approach

Uses game elements such as points, badges, challenges, or rewards in learning

Gamification

Teacher presents information, followed by discussion/questions.

Lecture-Discussion Method

Students work together in groups to accomplish a task

Groupwork Method

Teacher explicitly teaches or demonstrates what learners need to know/do.

Direct Teaching Approach

Teacher guides learners while allowing them to explore and discover

Indirect/Guided Approach

Learners discover concepts/principles through exploration and investigation

Discovery Approach

Learners analyze a problem and develop possible solutions.

Problem-Solving Method

Learners investigate questions/problems and develop answers based on evidence.

Inquiry-Based Learning

Learners repeatedly practice a skill with opportunities for individual work.

Practice Style of Teaching

Repeated practice/review is used to strengthen learning.

Repetition Style of Teaching

Different lessons/subjects are connected around a common theme.

Thematic Style of Teaching

Learning emphasizes participation, questioning, discussion, and interaction

Interactive Style of Teaching

People can learn by observing and imitating others. Strongly associated with Bandura.

Social Learning Theory

Knowledge is constructed through social interaction, language, and culture. Associated with Vygotsky.

Social Constructivist Approach

Piaget's theory explaining how children's thinking develops through stages

Theory of Cognitive Development

Bandura's theory emphasizing interaction among behavior, personal factors, and environment.

Social Cognitive Theory

What a learner can do with assistance but cannot yet do independently.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Temporary support given to help a learner accomplish a task until they can do it independently

Scaffolding

Computer/software is used to provide instruction, practice, feedback, or activities

Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)

Use of technological tools/resources to support teaching and learning.

Technology in Education

Students study instructional material before class; classroom time is used for activities, discussion, and application.

Flipped Classroom

Organizing the classroom, behavior, routines, time, and environment to support learning.

Classroom Management

Specific feedback that tells learners what they did well and what/how they can improve

Constructive Feedback

Assessment after instruction to determine what learners have achieved. Usually summative.

Assessment of Learning

Assessment used during learning to identify needs and improve instruction. Usually formative.

Assessment for Learning

Additional instruction designed to address learners' difficulties or learning gaps

Remedial Instruction