Ch. 12 Cardiovascular pt. 1

mainly abt blood

3 components of the Circulatory System?

1) Heart

2) Blood vessels(vascular system)

3) blood

What kind of tissue is blood?

specialized connective tissue

Characteristics of Plasma

1) 90% water

2) has electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, gases, etc

What is Serum?

“refined plasma” without Fibrinogens & other clotting factors

Which systems is the cardiovascular system impacted by?

1) Endocrine system

2) Nervous system

3) Urinary System

Characteristics of Erythrocytes(RBCs)? What is its lifespan?

1) flattened biconcave discs

-increases SA & flexibility thru capillaries

2) No nuclei or mitochondria

-no cell division

-ATP made via glycolysis

3) millions of hemoglobin

4) RBCs are 75-85% of body’s cells(most numerous cell type)

lifespan=120 days

What are the components of Hemoglobin & its function?

each hemoglobin has 4 globin chains→each globin chain has 1 heme group→each heme group has Fe2+ that binds to O2

(each hemoglobin can carry max 4 Oxygen molecules)

function: binds+transports O2

Where does Erythropoiesis occur? What does it require?

making RBCs occurs in the red bone marrow

-requires:

1) Fe

2) Folic Acid

3) Vitamin B12

What is Erythropoietin?

hormone in the kidney that activates bone marrow receptors to increase rate of Erythropoiesis

What is required for the absorption of Fe, Folic Acid, & B12 ?

intrinsic factors like GI protein needed for absorption

Effects of low Oxygen in the kidneys?

increased Erthryopoietin secretion=increased RBCs

Causes of low O2 in kidneys?

1) lung disease

2) high altitude

3) prolong exercise

4) heart issues

Why do men have more RBCs than women?

testosterone increases number of erthryopoietin

What is anemia?

decrease oxygen-carrying capacity of blood bc decreased erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Causes of anemia?

1) deficient in Fe, Folic Acid, B12

2) bone marrow or kidney issues(erthryopoietin)

3) blood loss(hemorrhage)

4) sickle cell disease destroys RBCs

What is Polycythemia?

increased number of erythrocytes

-common in high altitude populations

What is “blood doping”?

injecting exogenous EPO (erythropoietin) or past stored blood

-not the best for you

What are the 2 circuits of the Circulatory System?

1) Pulmonary Circuit

2) Systemic Circuit

Components of Blood? What is hematocrit?

1) Plasma (55%)

2) Buffy Coat (Leukocytes WBCs & platalets)
3) Erythrocytes (45%)

hematocrit→% of blood volume that is erythrocytes

Total blood volume for a typical 154 lb person?

5-5.5 L