Dental Stains

How are stains classified when examining them

Location and source

What is needed to be known about any stain

rate of occurrence, cause/etiology, types of stain

What are the stain classifications

• extrinisic vs intrisic

• Exogenous vs endogenous

• how to make the distinction

• Where did it come from and where is it located

Types of stains

yellow, green, metallic, orange and red, brown

What type of stains are exogenous, extrinsic stains?

Tobacco stain

Black Line Stain

Green Stain

Yellow Stain

Orange and Red Stains

Metallic Stains

Chlorhexidine and other brown stains

Extreme betel leaf stain

What should known about the tobacco stain

Can be scaled away, can be polished, course polished

How does the exogenous, extrinsic Stains: Tobacco stain feel when scaling

very sticky

What should known about the Black Line Stain

Happens in healthy mouths; this is caused by specific bacterias,

How do you clean exogenous, extrinsic stains: Black Line Stain

has to be scaled, not polished

Where is Black Line Stain usually located

commonly on the max lingual

What caused Green Stain

caused by active chrmogenic bacteria, cannot be scaled or polished

Where is green stain often found

over active demineralization on teeth

Do you scale or polish over active demineralization green stain

do not scale or polish this stain

What would happen if you scale or polish green stain? What should be the follow up steps

can cause more damage. Show ro pt and give tb instruction to self clean

Do you polsih deminiatlized areas

No

What is the identifers of deminizaltion

chalky white near gumline, sandpaper feeling over area, usually near plaque buildup, have to use process of alimiation

What causes yellow stain

poor oral care

How do you clean yellow Stain

debride with scaler

What causes Orange and Red stains

chromogenic bacteria

Is orange and red stains an often occurance

no it is rare

How do you clean Orange and Red stains

scale or polish

How common is Metallic Stain

Less common than it was in the past

How does metallic stain usually develop

often it is inhaled and becomes deposited on a tooth surface

How do you clean Metallic Stain

scale really cant polish

What stain is being shown in the image

chlorhexidine brown stain

What stain in being shown in the image

other brown stains, usually caused by chlorine or iron supplements

How do you clean chlorhexidine and other brown stains

scaling

What is Extreme betel leaf stain

the thick, hard, dark brown or black extrinsic stain left on the teeth after chewing the leaves of the betel palm; commonly seen in adults and children in the Eastern Hemisphere, where betel leaves and nuts are used as stimulants

How do you clean extreme betel leaf stain

removed by scaling

What stain is being shown in the image

What stain is being shown in the image

betel leaf stain when taken for a long time

Which stains are endogenous, intrinsic stains

Amelogenesis impredecta, dentinogenious imperfecta, enamel hypoplasia, dental fluorosis, tertacycline, non-vital teeth

What causes amelogenesis imprefecta

Ameloblasts do not lay down the enamel, enamel did not properly form, hereditary or genetics

How do you clean Amelogenesis imprefecta

High risk, cant be scaled

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta causes by

Genetic/hereditary, and irrgular dentin foration

How dentinogenesis imperfecta look

Blueish/opalescent, Coloration of enamel cant be scaled

Enamel Hypoplasia caused by

Enamel is underdeveloped

How can you fix enamel hypoplasia

No solution aside from crowns/veneers

Where is enamel hypoplasia coming from

from dentinal layer

What causes dental fluorosis

excessive fluoride during tooth development

How does dental fluorosis effect the tooth

Hypomineralization of enamel, mild white stain with enamel pitting in less severe cases

In severe cases of dental fluorosis, what does it look like

brown stain in severe cases

What is other components that can cause dental fluorosis

people being pregnant, kids being sick, kids having fevers

Dental fluorosis for primary teeth is

Tetracycline is caused by

exposure to tetracycline in utero or from age 0-11

Can you scale or polsih intrinistic stains

No, you can’t scale or polish; only do restoration work, cosmetics

non-vital teeth occurs when

some non-vital teeth as well; when nerve is dead or the tooth is removed, it may then darken

How can non-vital teeth be restored

cosmetics, tooth internal bleaching

What is a exogenous, instrinsic stain

an outside source that has stained inside of the tooth, usually a result of restorative materials, pulpal therapy, medications/supplements, or smoking

What are exogenous and intrinsic stains

amalgam, pulp therapy, smoking, iron stain

What is amalgam

Dark stain visible through the enamel crown of the tooth

Exogenous, Intrinsic Stain: Pulpal Therapy

no pulp

Smoking

Initially it will cause little stains; over time it can get in the tooth and stay on the tooth surface

Iron Stain is caused by what

Iron supplements creating internal stain in

Is extrinisic stains removable or nonremovable

removable

How do you clean extrinsic stains

sclaing, polishing, and sometimes bleaching/whitening scaling,

Are intrinsic stains removable or nonremovable

non removeavle can be considers for restorative work

What type of stain should you not touch?

green stain, any deminerlization

what is a endogenous stain

from within the body