IHUM 201 Exam 2 Art Identification

Flashcards providing comprehensive vocabulary coverage of Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic art, monuments, and key architectural terms.

Early Christian, The Good Shepherd (ca. 300 CE)

Sarcophagus with Philosopher, Orant, and Scenes from the Hebrew and Christian Bibles (ca. 270): An Early Christian marble relief sarcophagus dating to ca. 270 CE

Old Saint Peter's Basilica (begun ca. 319 CE): A major Early Christian basilica in Rome, Italy, measuring $835'\,(254.5\,\text{m})$ long along its grand axis and $295'\,(90\,\text{m})$ wide across the transept.

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: An Early Christian (Late Antique/Early Christian) cruciform brick building in Ravenna, Italy, dating to the early fifth century.

Christ as the Good Shepherd (5th century): An Early Christian lunette mosaic from the fifth century located inside the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, depicting Christ dressed in imperial gold and purple robes seated in a rocky landscape among his flock.

Church of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo: A Byzantine three-aisled basilican church in Ravenna, known for its extensive nave wall mosaics depicting processions of saints and biblical scenes.

Hagia Sophia (531–537): A monumental Byzantine cathedral built between 531 and 537 in Constantinople under Emperor Justinian, combining a basilican plan with a massive central dome.

Interior of Hagia Sophia: The vast interior of the sixth-century Byzantine cathedral in Constantinople, featuring pendentive-supported dome architecture, light filtering through clerestory windows, and gold mosaics.

Church of San Vitale (ca. 526–547): A centrally planned octagonal Byzantine church constructed ca. 526–547 in Ravenna, Italy, famous for its elaborate interior marble revetment and apse mosaics.

Emperor Justinian and His Attendants (Courtiers): A Byzantine apse mosaic dating to c. 547 on the north wall of the apse in the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, depicting Emperor Justinian holding a bread paten, accompanied by Bishop Maximianus, clergy, and imperial guards.

Empress Theodora and Retinue: A Byzantine mosaic dating to ca. 547 on the south wall of the apse in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, portraying Empress Theodora carrying a golden chalice alongside her court ladies and officials.

A large Romanesque pilgrimage church in Toulouse, France, constructed ca. 1070–1120 with radiating chapels and an ambulatory designed to accommodate pilgrim traffic.

Palatine Chapel (palace chapel of Charlemagne): A Romanesque* / Carolingian structure built between 792 and 805 in Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Germany, featuring a centrally planned octagonal rotunda interior with polychrome arches.

Nave, Saint Sernin

The Romanesque interior nave of Saint Sernin in Toulouse, France, ca. 1070–1120, characterized by stone barrel vaults with transverse arches and two-story elevations.

Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, Last Judgment Tympanum

A Romanesque carved marble west tympanum relief dating to ca. 1120–1135 in Autun, France, measuring $21'\,(640\,\text{cm})$ wide at its base, illustrating the Last Judgment with Christ enthroned weighing souls.

Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry

A Romanesque embroidered linen cloth dating to ca. 1070–1080 depicting scenes and cavalry combat leading up to and during the Norman Conquest of England.

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, Ambulatory

The birthplace of Gothic architecture in France, built around 1140, featuring pointed arches, slender columns, and integrated rib vaults that opened the space to light.

Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, Interior Nave Vaults

The Gothic interior nave of Notre-Dame de Paris (begun 1163, completed 1250) displaying an early Gothic sexpartite vaulting scheme.

Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, Western Façade

The western front of the Gothic cathedral begun in 1163 and completed in 1250, featuring balanced twin towers, a central rose window, and three sculptured entrance portals.

Sainte-Chapelle, Upper Chapel

A Rayonnant Gothic royal chapel constructed between 1243 and 1248 in Paris, France, designed almost entirely of walls of stained glass separated by slender stone buttresses.

Notre-Dame de la Belle Verrière

A famous 12th-century Gothic stained-glass window panel at Chartres Cathedral depicting the Virgin Mary enthroned with the Christ Child on her lap, surrounded by angels.

Royal Portal Tympanum, Chartres Cathedral

A Gothic architectural relief on the right door of the west façade Royal Portal at Chartres Cathedral, carved between 1145 and 1170, celebrating the Incarnation and Liberal Arts.

Jamb Figures, Reims Cathedral

High Gothic column statues carved on the west portals of Reims Cathedral (begun 1210) in France, including figures from the Annunciation and Visitation showing individualized drapery and classical contrapposto.

Chartres Cathedral: A landmark Gothic cathedral begun in 1134 and rebuilt after a fire in 1194, celebrated for its stained glass, flying buttresses, and monumental sculptural portals.

Sexpartite Vault

A rib vault divided into six distinct compartments or webs by two diagonal ribs and a single transverse rib, characteristic of Early Gothic nave vaulting such as that in Notre-Dame de Paris.

Ambulatory

A continuous semicircular or polygonal aisle wrapping around the apse or choir of a church, pioneered with continuous rib vaults at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis.

Tympanum

The semi-circular decorative stone surface positioned directly above a church portal entrance and framed by an arch and a lintel, frequently carved with major theological scenes such as the Last Judgment.

Jamb Figures

Sculptures integrated into or flanking the vertical doorposts (jambs) of a church doorway, prominent on the portals of Chartres and Reims Cathedrals.