chem of life part 3 terms

orgnanic compounds

carbon-based molecules

isomers

organic compounds with some molecular formula with different structures

macromolecules

polymers built from monomers

monomer

the individual sub-unit that serves as a building block in a polymer

polymer

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks linked together

dehydration reaction

a reaction in which 2 monomers bond (covalent) together through loss of a water molecule

hydrolysis reaction

a reaction in which polymers are broken down by the addition of a water molecule

monosaccharides

monomer of carbohydrates; simplest type of carbohydrate

C6H12O6 isomers

glucose, galactose, & fructose

disaccharide

2 monosaccharides bonded together

polysaccharaides

many monosaccharides bonded together

starch

a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers found in plants

glycogen

a storage polysaccharide composed of glucose found in animals

cellulose

a structural polysaccharide composed of glucose that forms the cell walls of plant cells

chitin

a structural polysaccharide used by insects & crustaceans to build an exoskeleton

CARBOHYDRATES:

- MONOSACCHARIDE

- POLYSACCHARIDE

- DISACCHARIDE

- STARCH

- GLYCOGEN

- CELLULOSE

- CHITIN

- C6H12O6 ISOMERS

triglyceride

a lipid made of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol

fatty acid

chain of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group cap at 1 end

saturated fatty acid

fatty acid with the max # of hydrogen atoms due to all carbon-carbon bonds being single bonds

unsaturated fatty acid

fatty acid with fewer than the max # of hydrogen atoms due to at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond

phospholipid

a lipid made up of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group (PO4-)

steroid

a lipid with a carbon skeleton containing 4 fused rings

cholesterol

an important steroid that plays a role in the stability of animal cell membranes & that is used to make hormones

LIPIDS:

- TRIGLYCERIDE

- FATTY ACID

- SATURATED FATTY ACID

- UNSATURATED FATTY ACID

- PHOSPHOLIPID

- STEROID

- CHOLESTEROL