British English

Celts

Tribes of warriors who shared similar language, religion, and culture, settled in Britain between 500 and 100 B.C.

Iron Plough

Introduced by the Celts, it was used for soil cultivation and contributed to agricultural advancements.

Druids

Priests in Celtic society who held influence, conducted religious ceremonies, and ran the justice system.

Roman Britain

Period when Romans conquered Britain, beginning with Emperor Claudius from 43-47 A.D., and introduced urban centers like Londinium.

Hadrian’s Wall

Built for defense, it served as a barrier between England and Scotland during Roman Britain.

Heptarchy

Division of Anglo-Saxon England into seven kingdoms: Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia, Wessex, Sussex, and Essex.

Anglo-Saxon

Germanic tribes that arrived in Britain throughout the 5th and 6th centuries, established a culture with distinct dialects.

Vikings

Scandinavian warriors from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark who invaded Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries.

Alfred the Great

King of Wessex who united the Anglo-Saxons against the Vikings, reorganized the army, and promoted literacy.

Canute

Danish king who ruled North Sea territories, including England, and ended Viking attacks after conquering England.

Norman Conquest

The invasion led by William Duke of Normandy in 1066, resulting in his victory over Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.

Battle of Hastings

The decisive battle in 1066 where Harold II of England was defeated by William Duke of Normandy, marking the last successful foreign invasion of Britain.