Agronomic pest control

What is the major reason to change pest management philosophy?

Insecticide resistance.

What size of sampling frame is used for ground-area sampling for alfalfa?

1-square-foot frame (1 foot × 1 foot).

What sampling pattern should be used to collect Colorado potato beetles and grasshoppers?

Field-edge sampling.

What is the minimum number of monitoring/scouting locations required for 180 acres?

10 locations.

What wind speed is not advised for collecting samples?

More than 10 mph.

What insect mouth organ is similar to a tongue?

Hypopharynx.

What is the time period between molts?

Stadium.

What is a major reason for stopping the use of first-generation DDT? (One word)

Resistance.

What is B in the leaf cross-section diagram?

Palisade mesophyll.

What does DDT stand for?

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.

Write the third step to solve a pest problem using IPM.

Determine which control methods are available.

List two characteristics of insects and two examples.

Three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen); three pairs of legs (six total). Examples: butterfly and grasshopper.

List three reasons why chemicals should be used as the last method in IPM.

Pesticide resistance; environmental and human health risks; increased chemical control costs.

List four types of insect metamorphosis.

Holometabolous (complete); Paurometabolous (gradual); Hemimetabolous (incomplete); Ametabolous (no metamorphosis).

Give the normal sequence and an example for each type of metamorphosis.

Holometabolous: egg → larva → pupa → adult (butterfly); Paurometabolous: egg → nymph → adult (cockroach); Hemimetabolous: egg → naiad → adult (dragonfly); Ametabolous: egg → juvenile → adult (silverfish).