Cambridge IELTS 16 Test 4 - The Persian Qanat Method and Roman Qanat Shaft

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Persian Qanat Method and Roman Qanat Shaft diagrams from Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic Reading Test 4.

The Persian Qanat Method

An ancient water management technique using a series of vertical shafts and a main tunnel to direct ground water from the water table for local use.

Cross-section of a Roman Qanat Shaft

A cutaway diagram showing the vertical shaft design of a Roman qanat, including a cover made of wood or stone, an internal rod, a plumb line, and carved wall features.

Water table

The underground level of water depicted beneath the vertical shafts in the Persian Qanat Method diagram.

Plumb line

A line suspended from a horizontal rod inside a Roman qanat shaft, attached to a weight to aid in precise vertical alignment during excavation.

Vertical shafts

Passages built along the Persian Qanat system that serve to remove earth during construction and assist in guiding the tunneling process.

Handholds and footholds

Features built or carved into the inner walls of a Roman qanat shaft used by workers for climbing in and out.