Geo & Cinema DINOSAURSSS

Age of the earth

4.56 billion years old

Age of the universe

13.6 billion years old

relative age

determines which features are older/younger w/o necessarily knowing the age

absolute age

quantifying the age of a feature using radioactive isotopes

geochronology

science determining ages of geo features

divisions of time

Eon, Era, Period, Epoch, Age, Pron

This current division of time

Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic Era, Quaternary period, Holocene epoch

Oldest frock from slave lake canada

athabasca gniess, 4.1 billion

oldest mineral jack hills australia

zircons 4.4 billion

beginning of the phanerozoic

540 billion?

Mesozoic era

age of reptiles

what eon is the mesozoic era in

phanerozoic eon

cretaceous

65.6-145.5 ma

jurassic

145.5-199.6 ma

triassic

199.6-251.9 ma

start of the mesosoic…

bio diversity is low, coming out of most severe extinction event

the permian extinction

96% of life dies, the great dying

mesozoic climate

super continent pangea, hot throughout

cladogram

relative relationships of species as they evolve

phylogenetic tree

shows when evolutionary changes happened with respect to TIME

2 major groups of reptiles

archosaurs, lepidosaurs

Archeosaurs

dinosaurs, pterosaurs (flying reptiles), crocodiles, and birds

lepidosaurs

lizards, snakes, and ancestors

marine reptiles straddle…

lepidosaurs and archosaurs

3 types of marine reptiles

plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs

plesiosaurs

late triassic to cretacious

ichthyosaurs

early triassic to late cretacious, fish lizard

mosasaurs

cretaceous only, 50 ft long

pterosaurs

flying reptiles/ winged lizard

why were earliest flying reptiles gliders

muscles too weak (bone structure)

2 groups of flying reptiles

basal pterosaurs and pterodactyls

pterosaurs when

late triassic to late cretaceous (228 ma to 66ma)

long snout, no tail

pterodactyls

short snout, long tail

basal pterosaurs

darwinopterus

link between basal pterosaurs to pterodactyl

when did dinosaurs appear

approx 230 to 66 ma

ornithinschian

both 2 and 4 legged dinosaurs, no teeth in front, beak for cropping plants

Bird hipped dinosaurs

ornithschian

lizard hipped dinosaurs

saurischian

ceratopsian

horned faces, 82 ma - 66 ma, ornithischian

stegosaurs

roof/covered lizard, plates on back for armoring and mates, 169-100 ma, ornithischian

anklyosaur

fused armor exoskeleton, last ones to go extinct, ornithischian

orithopod dinosaurs

iguanadons, pachycephalosaurus, hadrosaurs,

iguanadon

4 legged, early cret 126-122 ma 1st properly described dino, ornithischian

hadrosaurs

bipedal herbivores, duckbilled, some had long tubes on head, ornithischian

pachycephalosaurs

9 in thick skull, cant smash through walls, late cret, ornithischian

saurischian

lizard hipped, bi and quad pedal,

sauropods

herbivore saurischian dinos

therapods

carnivore saurischian dinos

sauropods

large w/ long necks, lizard hipped, herbivore, biggest by weight, heard in communities

theropods

bipedal carnivores, land predators, most complex brains, probably first dinosaurs

biting force of trex

12000 psi

spinosaurus

longest theropod

Tyrannosaurus rex

heaviest theropod, 12 mph run speed

archaeopteryx

link between theropods to birds