psych unit test 1

neurons

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

It helps you react to internal and external stimuli and with coordination

What is the axon?

It is the carrier of nerve impulses that the cell body sends

What is the cell body/soma

It is the life support of the cell, telling impulses to fire or not to

What is a dendrite?

It is the receiver of the neurotransmitters sent from other neurons

What is the myelin sheath?

It is a fatty protein layer made of glial cells that wraps around parts of the axon

What does the myelin sheath do?

It speeds transition to 100 m/s and keeps electrical signals from leaking out the nerve fiber

What are neurotransmitters?

They are chemical messengers that transmit signals from neurons to target cells across the synapse

What are electrical magnetic sensory receptors and where are they found

They help us detect light and they are found in our eyes

What are chemical receptors and where are they found

They help us detect chemicals and smells and are found in our nose and mouths

What are mechanical receptors and where are they found?

They help us detect pressure/touch and are found in our skins and ears

What is the peripheral nervous system?

It includes all of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord while also connecting them to the rest of the body

What is the cranial nerve?

Sends signals between the brain and the face, neck and torso

What is the spinal cord?

It is something that controls reflex

What is the Cerebellum?

It is a region of your brain that helps you maintain your balance

What is the Cerebrum

It is a region of your brain that processes smell

What is the brain stem?

It is a region of the brain that controls involuntary actions like your heartbeat

What is the central nervous system?

It is something that’s made up of the brain and spinal cord

What is the autonomic system?

It is something that transmits messages from the brain stem to control automatic functions

What is the somatic system?

It is something that transmits messages to control all conscious movement

What are excitatory neurotransmitters?

They activate action potential making it more likely for the next nerve cell to fire an electrical signal

What is an example of an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Nonpine(Noradrenaline) helps control attention, arousal, and your body's fight-or-flight response.

What is action potential?

It is a quick electrical pulse that travels down the cell membrane of a neuron, that either fires or doesn’t at all

What is a inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Its something that decreases the chances of action potential firing

What is a example of a inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Gaba helps control sleep, anxiety and muscle tone

What do dopamine and ACh have in common?

They are both excititory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

What is dopamine?

It’s something that influences movement, learning, attention and emotion

What is ACh?

It’s something that enables muscle action, learning and memory by acting as a neurotransmitter

What are Seretonin Pathways?

They are a network of nerve cells in the brain made to regulate cells

What are Dopamine Pathways?

It is a part of the brain that controls attention and movement

What are Neurotransmitter like to receptor sites?

They are like the key while receptor sites are the lock

What are Antagonist Molecules?

They fill receptor sites so that neurotransmitter cannot get in and activate the receptor sites

What is a example of an Antagonist molecules?

An example of this is how poison blocks muscle movement by filling the receptor sites that allow for movement

What are Agonist Molecules?

They fill receptor sites and activate them mimicking neurotransmitters.

What is a example of a Agonist Molecule?

Morphine mimics endorphins by binding to the same receptors

What are sensory neurons?

They bring info from the outside world to your brain

What are interneurons?

They connect neurons to other neurons, and join the sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord

What are Motorneurons?

They transmit responses from the brain to the muscles and glands

What are Glial Cells?

They are the glue holding neurons together and they also are the most numberous in the nervous system

What do Glial Cells support?

They support the activity of neurons

What are neurons/nerve cells?

They are the building blocks of our nervous cells

What are endorphins?

They are natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

What do hormones help with?

They help with attraction and hunger

What are growth hormones?

It is something that stimulates growth in animals and plant cells that is secreted by the pituitary glands.

How does endocrine travel?

It travels by blood stream so its slower, except during flight or fight situations

What is endocrine?

They are a network of glands and organs that create and release hormones

How do the nervous systems and the endocrine system interact.

They react by directing each other in a loop.

What do the adrenal glands do?

They help stimulate our flight or fight response

What does the pancreas do?

It helps regulate the amount of blood sugar in your blood

What do the thyroid gland do?

They affect metabolism

What do the parathyroids gland do?

They help regulate the amount of calcium in your blood.

What do testicles do?

They help secrete male reproductive hormones

What does the pituitary gland do?

They secrete many different hormones, some of which that affect other glands.

What gland has the most influence in the body?

It is the pituitary gland

What does the pituitary gland release?

It release growth hormones.

What is the hypothalamus?

It is the brain region controlling the pituitary gland

What positive ion is intracellular?

It is potassium

What positive ion is extracellular?

It is sodium

What does atp energy mean?

It stands for action potential energy

Where does the sodium pump initially open?

Its open intracellularly

How many sodium keys does a sodium potassium pump have?

It has three

What happens when ATP interacts with a sodium potassium pump?

It transfers its phosphate which causes it to change shape and open to the extracellular

How many potassium pumps does a sodium potassium pump have?

It has 2