physiology of articulation and resonance

Articulation

the motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech

Speech production requires

execution of well organized and integrated sequences of articulation

Cineradiography/high speed MRI

an imaging technique that records moving internal body structures as a motion picture or sequential series of radiographs

Electropalatography

instrumentation that detects tongue-palate contacts during speech via the placement of an artificial palate, a "retainer" like structure put in mouth

Electromyography (EMG)

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation, sticks to face

Labial seal/lips

your orbicularis oris controls this function whiles other muscles insert themselves here to create a pull and force in multiple directions to form other shapes

upper lip

moves less

lower lip

moves more/is stronger and does most of the work

proprioception

awareness of the position and movement of the body (sensory receptors in muscles , joints, and tendons send these messages to the brain)

Mandible assists lips and tongue

carries lips and tongue to target positions and brings structures closer to the teeth when needed

Mandible changes positions

supports lip and tongue movement

diagastricus muscle

opens mandible

mylohyoid muscle

opens mandible

geniohyoid muscle

opens mandible

lateral pterygoid muscle

opens mandible

temporalis muscles

closes mandible

masseter muscle

closes mandible

medial pterygoid muscle

closes mandible

20%

_____ of tongue strength is used in articulation

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

takes the tongue to the general area where it is needed, gross motor movements

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

the fine motor movements that air in the creation of unique speech sounds

elevates tongue tip

superior longitudinal

depresses tongue tip

inferior longitudinal

deviate tongue tip

superior and inferior longitudinal on one side

relax lateral margin for protrusion

posterior genioglossus

relax lateral margin for elevation

superior longitudinal

relax lateral margin for pulling side/medially

transverse intrinsic

narrow tongue medially

transverse intrinsic

deep central groove for tongue body

genioglossus

deep central groove for depression of dorsum

vertical intrinsic

deep central groove for elevation of margins

superior longitudinal

broad central groove for depression of tongue body

moderate genioglossus

broad central groove for depression of dorsum

vertical intrinsic

broad central groove for elevation of margins

superior longitudinal

protrude tongue for retraction of tongue body

posterior genioglossus

protrude tongue for narrowing tongue

vertical

protrude tongue for to balance and pointe tongue

superior and inferior longitudinal

retract tongue into the oral cavity

posterior genipglossus

retract/shortening of the tongue

superior and inferior longitudinal

retract tongue into the pharyngeal cavity

styloglossus

elevate the posterior sides of tongue

palatoglossus

elevate posterior bunch tongue together

transverse intrinsic

depress medial tongue body

genioglossus

velum is closed when

contraction of levator, non-nasal speech, creates intraoral pressure for fricatives and plosive production

velum is open when

relaxation of levator and allows for voice to resonate in teh nasal cavity

nasal assimilation

influence of a nasal on a non-nasal sound