Marine Bio Unit 4 Lowe

what do all living things use energy to do

1. grow

2. metabolize

3. reproduce

4. regulate internal environment(temperature)

react to stimuli in the external environment

what do all organic compound need to make energy

glucose

what are proteins made of

chains of amino acids

what are lipids used as

buoyancy and insulation

what is most important for plant cell growth

nitrate and phosphate

what is DNA made of

nucleic acids

what do chloroplasts do

photosynthesis

what is another name for photosynthesis

carbon fixation

what is the opposite of photosynthesis. what does it make

cellular respiration; makes ATP(energy)

what are all prokaryotes

bacteria

what does eukaryotic cell have that prokaryote doesn't

nucleus

what do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have

ribosomes

what are eukaryotic cells

complex cells with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

what do Golgi apparatus do

package and transport organic molecules

what do all plant cells have

cell walls made of cellulose(starch)

Levels of Organization

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem

what is a population

same species living together

what is a community

collection of populations that live in the same place and interact

what is an ecosystem

several communities grouped together and phyiscal environment

3 types of organisms in the sea

plankton-drift in the water

nekton-swim in the water

benthos-live on the bottom

hypertonic

water is high in solutes, water flows out of cells, shrinks, saltwater

hypotonic

water is low in solutes, water flows into cells, expands, freshwater

what are osmoconformers

organisms whose internal concentration change with water salinity

ectotherms

temp changes with changes in external water temp

endotherms

regulate internal temp

classification of organisms

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

does natural selection favor sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction

sexual

chemosynthesis

derive energy from chemical compounds

what is cyanobacteria

blue-green algae that are photosynthetic and form stromatolites

what are protozoans

animal-like protists

unicellular eukaryotes

phylum foraminifera

foraminiferans

made of CaCO3

ex: white cliffs of dover

phylum polycystina

Radiolarians

have glass (silica) shells with radial symmetry

phylum ciliophora

ciliates

use cilia for moving and feeding

why are some algae called coraline

they have calcium carbonate skeletons

phylum bacillariophyta

diatoms

dominant group in cold water

most are planktonic

phylum dinoflagellata

dinoflagellates

cause red tides

zooxanthellae species are tiny symbiotic dinos with corals

phylum chrysophyta

silicoflagellates

phylum haptophyta

coccolithophorids

phylum cryptophyta

cryptomonads

structure of seaweed

thallus, blades, stipe, holdfast

thallus

entire body

blades

leaf-like structure; may have pneumatocysts (gas filled balls)

stipe

stem-like structure

holdfast

A rootlike structure that anchors a seaweed.

phylum chlorophyta

green algae

phylum phaeophyta

brown algae

includes largest and most complex algae

phylum rhodaphyta

red algae

what is the only true marine plant that is fully submerged in water

seagrass

what is the main seagrass in florida

turtle grass