Anatomy sheep brain/spinal cord LAAABBBB

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Sensory cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell.

Optic nerve (CN II)

Sensory cranial nerve responsible for vision.

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Cranial nerve that controls most extrinsic eye movements, pupil constriction, and lens shape.

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Cranial nerve controlling the superior oblique muscle for downward and inward eye movement.

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation and controlling muscles involved in chewing.

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Cranial nerve controlling the lateral rectus muscle for outward eye movement.

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Cranial nerve controlling muscles of facial expression and taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Sensory cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance (equilibrium).

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Cranial nerve involved in swallowing, salivation, and taste from the posterior tongue.

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Cranial nerve involved in swallowing and extensive parasympathetic autonomic control of thoracic and abdominal organs.

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Cranial nerve controlling muscles involved in head turning and shoulder shrugging.

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Cranial nerve controlling movements of the tongue.

Dura mater

Outermost, thick, fibrous protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Arachnoid mater

Middle, web-like meninx surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Pia mater

Innermost, delicate meninx closely adhering to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebral hemispheres

The right and left halves that make up the cerebrum.

Frontal lobe

Lobe located at the front of the brain, involved in motor function, planning, and decision-making.

Parietal lobe

Lobe located at the upper middle portion of the brain, processing sensory information such as touch and temperature.

Temporal lobe

Lobe located on the lateral sides of the brain, involved in hearing, language comprehension, and memory.

Occipital lobe

Lobe situated at the back of the brain, dedicated to processing visual information.

Longitudinal fissure

Deep median groove separating the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Transverse cerebral fissure

Deep groove separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Gyrus

Raised ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebral cortex.

Sulcus

Shallow groove separating adjacent gyri on the brain's surface.

Fissure

Deep furrow or cleft in the brain dividing lobes or major brain areas.

Cerebral cortex

Outer layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum, responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Cerebral white matter

Inner brain tissue beneath the cortex, containing myelinated nerve tracts.

Cerebrum

Largest portion of the brain containing the cerebral hemispheres and cortex.

Diencephalon

Forebrain division located between the cerebrum and midbrain, containing the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus

Sensory relay station in the diencephalon situated superior to the hypothalamus.

Hypothalamus

Diencephalic structure below the thalamus that regulates autonomic functions, body temperature, and the endocrine system.

Midbrain

Upper portion of the brainstem containing auditory and visual reflex centers.

Pons

Rounded bulge on the ventral brainstem between the midbrain and medulla oblongata.

Medulla oblongata

Lowest part of the brainstem, continuous with the spinal cord, controlling vital reflexes like heart rate and breathing.

Cerebellum

Structure located at the back of the brain beneath the cerebrum, coordinating motor movements, posture, and balance.

Corpus callosum

Thick band of commissural nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Fornix

Arch-shaped tract of nerve fibers located beneath the corpus callosum, functioning in the limbic system.

Pineal gland

Small endocrine gland near the posterior diencephalon responsible for producing melatonin.

Pituitary gland

Small master endocrine gland located below the hypothalamus in the sella turcica.

Optic chiasma

X-shaped junction on the ventral brain where medial fibers of the optic nerves cross over.

Infundibulum

Slender stalk connecting the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

Corpora quadrigemina

Four rounded colliculi located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain.

Superior colliculi

Upper pair of rounded structures in the corpora quadrigemina involved in visual reflex centers.

Inferior colliculi

Lower pair of rounded structures in the corpora quadrigemina involved in auditory reflex centers.

Cerebral aqueduct

Slender channel passing through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles.

Arbor vitae

Tree-like branching pattern of white matter seen inside a sagittal section of the cerebellum.

Lateral ventricles

Paired, C-shaped fluid-filled cavities located within each cerebral hemisphere.

Third ventricle

Narrow midline fluid-filled cavity situated between the two thalami.

Fourth ventricle

Fluid-filled space located between the brainstem and the cerebellum.

Interventricular foramen

Channel connecting each lateral ventricle to the third ventricle.

Choroid plexus

Specialized network of blood vessels inside the ventricles responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid.

Olfactory bulb

Structure located at the anterior-ventral surface of the forebrain receiving input from olfactory nerve fibers.

Spinal cord

Elongated cylindrical nerve structure extending downward from the medulla oblongata through the vertebral column.

Central canal

Small, cerebrospinal fluid-filled opening situated in the center of the spinal cord.

Dorsal median sulcus

Shallow groove on the posterior (dorsal) midline of the spinal cord.

Ventral median fissure

Deep groove situated along the anterior (ventral) midline of the spinal cord.

Dorsal horn

Posterior projection of spinal gray matter that receives sensory information.

Ventral horn

Anterior projection of spinal gray matter containing somatic motor neuron cell bodies.

Lateral horn

Lateral projection of gray matter containing autonomic motor neurons in thoracic and lumbar segments.

Dorsal funiculus

Posterior column of white matter in the spinal cord containing ascending sensory tracts.

Ventral funiculus

Anterior column of white matter in the spinal cord containing ascending and descending tracts.

Lateral funiculus

Side column of spinal white matter situated between the dorsal and ventral horns.

Dorsal root

Posterior root carrying incoming sensory impulses toward the spinal cord.

Ventral root

Anterior root carrying outgoing motor impulses away from the spinal cord.

Dorsal root ganglion

Enlarged nodule on the posterior root housing sensory neuron cell bodies.

Spinal nerve

Mixed nerve formed by the joining of the dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots.