Microevolution

Stable gene pool

________: achieved with large population, random mating, no significant migrations, no large scale mutations.

Genetic drift

________: change in frequency of traits in a population due to random /chance events, smaller populations are more affected.

Hardy weinberg equilibrium

________: hypothetical, allele frequencies dont change between generations, used for comparison.

Nonrandom mating

________: sexual selection, change in traits frequency due to gender preferences.

Biochemistry

________: investigates how biological molecules diversify.

Mutations

________ introduce new traits /genes to populations that are then selected on and can cause evolution.

Relative fitness

________: measures reproductive success of an organism by comparing its of its offspring to the average of offspring in the population.

Genetic variation

________: caused by mutations and sexual reproduction.

Directional

________: favors one phenotype over another.

Fossil record

________: shows change in phenotype of a population over years.

Embryology

________: similar embryonic development in closely related organisms.

Vestigial organs

________: structures with little to no function, leftover remnants of ancestral species.

Microevolution

________: change in an allele frequency of a population over a short period of time.

Homology

________: features with similar structure and position in related organisms, have common ancestor.

Gradualism

________: incremental environmental change over a long period of time.

Modern synthesis theory

________: Neo- Darwinism, expanded understanding of evolution, consider genetic basis of inheritance.

Adaptive radiation

________: rapid diversification of an ancestral species into many new species.

Sympatric

________: population remains in the same geographic area but is reproductively isolated b /c of other factors.

Bottleneck effect

________: large population and gene pool drastically reduces b /c of a random disaster (famine, flood, habitat loss, etc .)

Biological species concept

________: a "species "can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Fitness

________: ability to survive and reproduce in the organisms environment, genotypes that contribute to this are more fit.

Gene flow

________: change in allele frequency caused by immigration /emigration.