UNIT 2B 1-9 11-12 ACCURATE

permanent movement to new location is called what

migration

what type of difssion is closely rlated with migration

relocation difussion

why do geographers study migration

iportant in explaining changes in pop in various places and regions, for example 11 percent of americans migrate in a yr when ppl migrate, they take with them their cultural values and economic prices

three objectives migrants want to achieve

economic opportunity cultural freedom environmental comfort

three thematic groups E.G. ravensteins migration principles (helping to understand where and why migration occurs) be organized

distance that migrants typ move reasons why migrants move characteristics of migrants

what geographer linked migration patterns to social and economic changes that also produced the demo transistion model, and what is it called

wilbur zelinsky; migration transition

what two scales does ravenstein group his laws of migration

international migration internal migration

chart: international: definition, subtypes; percentage of global pop that are intl migrants

a permanent move from one country to another, voluntary and forced; 9 percent

examples of international migration and subtypes+ historical example

voluntary: migrant chose to move for economic/enviro reasons forced: migrant forced to move by politcal/enviro factors; largest historical example is the transatlantic slave trade

chart: internal: definition, subtypes

a permantent move within the same country; interregional and intraregional

examples of internal migration and subtypes, 1. largest flow and 2. main type

interregional is movement from one region of a country to another, largest flow is rural to urban intraregional is movement within one region; within rural areas, older cities to newer suburbs

term for migration from a place

emigration

term for migration to a place

immigration

difference btwn num of immigrants and emigrants

net migration

if the num of immigrants exceeds the num of emigrants, the location has

net in

if num of emigrants exceeds the num of immigrants the location has

net out

country w most foreign born residents

usa

other countries with lots of foreign born pops

germany, russa, saudi arabia

global regio with highest in

migration rates and why

factor chart: push + pull definitions; whats an intervening obstracle

push: induces ppl to move out of their present location pull:induces ppl to move into a new location intervening obstacle is enviro/politcal feature that hinders migration

factor chart: push and pull: how has nature of intervening obstacles changed over time

traditionally: principa; obstacle was environmental (long arduous expensive trip). transportation improvement reduced enviro struggles today: major obstacles are political, need passport to emigrate and visa to immigrate

details on push/pull factors: cultural/political: what group was the victim of forced migration usa, what term was the route taken by native americans after indian removal act of 1830, whats a refugee

native ameri trail of tears someone forced to migrate to another country to avoid conflict or war, and cant return bc of persecution based on race, ethnicity, politcial opinion, etc

details on push/pull factors: cultural/political: how do internally displaced persons differ from refugees, whats an asylum seeker, four countries supplying the latrgest num of refugees in 2017 + why

idps are forced to migrate for similar reasons as refugees but didnt cross international border asylum seekers are ppl who migrated to another country to be recognized as a refugee afghanistan, syria, myanmar, soud sudan bc of continous wars

details on push/pull factors: environmental: what physical factor is the biggest reason for environmental migration, what are some environmental push factors, physical environment that are push factors

water tooo much or little; hurricane katrina, harvy, and maria, disapperance of islands in kiribatil mountains, seasides, warm climates, warm winter regions

details on push/pull factors: economic: from where do ppl emigrate for economic reasons, what term to workers who are let to migrate temp in search of work, types of jobs expected to take, what was expected once work was done, has this in fact happened?

places with little job opportunities; guest workers; low status or skill; return to origin; no, most become citizens

details on push/pull factors: economic: what are two benefits of the source country of economic migration, two global regions with largest source of econ migrants, whats remittance, besides the home country what other entities benefit from remittances and how

reduces unemployment problems and immigrants send money back home to families; souuth asia and east asia; transfer of money by workers to ppl in country from where they emigrted; banks and money transfer firms benefit by charging high transfer fees

details on push/pull factors: economic: what types of countries have been esp prominent destinations for econ migrants, why is difference btwn economic migrants and refugees important, what group of countries became major destination for migrants from south and souteast asia, percentage of pop of immigrants in the UAE

developed countries like usa and canada; destination countries that the two groups differently, economic migrants usuallu not admitted unless they have special skills or close relatives; refugees sometimes get special priority of admittance to other countries; wealthy oil producing countries of middle east asia; 84%

three main areas of immigration into usa:

colonial settlement in the 17th and 18th century mass european immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries asian and latin american immigration in the late 20th and early 21st centuries

colonial settlement in the 17th and 18th century: two principal sources of immigration to usa in late 1700s around independence, what two lands were 45

50 percent of immigr pop from, what types of migrants were they, why was ssa group in western hemisphere, what type of migrants r they

mass european immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries: three waves can be differentiated by their source areas: between 1840s and 1740s, nonecomumic push factor for germans, 1880s, early 1900s, what attitudes did many americans have towards these migrants, the diffusion of what is linked to these migrations

ireland germany; political unrest; scandinavia; southern and eastern europe; many americans didnt like them and had anti immigrant attitudes; industrial revolution

asian and latin american immigr in the late 20th and early 21st centruies: two historical events leading to drop in immigration into usa during 1930s and 1940s, cause of decrease/shift in flow of immigration in 1920s,where did it guraantee most immigrs come from, source of recent immigr beginning in 1950s, two areas becoming source for recent immigr beginning in 1950s, countries that r principal source areas for asian immig, what country passed germany in 2006 as country of rigin of most immigrs ever to the usa, how did push factor for recent immigration like previous waves

great depression and ww2; passage of quota acts; northern and western europe; latin america and asia; china, philipines, india, vietna; mexico; both driven by rapid pop growth entering stage 2 of epi transition and limited economic advancement at home

what has been the most consistent movement in usa pop over past 200 yrs

westward

era colonial settlement: why did colonists hug the coast, physical parrier to westward jigration

most colonial settlements were close to atlantic coast bc they relied on trade links w europe; the appalachian mountains and native american presence

era early settlement of interior: what transporytation improvements helped open the interior, what enviromental impact

canals and later railraods; deforestation for buildings and infrastructure

era migration to california: what event sparked this migr

cali gold rush

era settlement of great plains: why did settlers originally pass over great plains, what factors changed this situation and examples

unfavorable agri environment and climate, dry climate, lack of trees, tough grassland or desert; new agricultural technology, fencing, and transportation systems such as farmers using barbed wire to reduce depence on wood fencing, steel plow to cut thick sod, windmills and welldrilling tools to pump more water, railroads let settlers transport products

why did westward shift in usa pop slow in the early 1900s

emigration from europe filled cities on east coast, counterbalancing westward movement

era urbanization: definition, when and where, historical process/change relation, how has percent of ppl living in urban areas changed in usa over time

movement of ppl from rural areas to urban areas, began in 1800s in europe and north ametrica, industrial revolution, increase from 5 perc in 1800 to 50 perc in 1920 and 82 perc in 2018

era great migration: who?during what time period did this occur?from where to where?how many ppl migrated?; cultural push factors involved, main pull factors involved, describe how chain migration and kinship links led to families following similar paths

more than 6 mil african aa between 1