Quebec's Quiet Revolution and Social Transformation

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key political, economic, and social events, figures, and reforms of Quebec's Quiet Revolution and the 1970 FLQ Crisis.

The Quiet Revolution

A period of rapid modernization and secularization in Quebec, a term coined by a Toronto journalist in The Globe and Mail, which shifted power from the Catholic Church to the provincial government.

Maurice Duplessis

The conservative Premier of Quebec whose government supported a rural way of life and protected traditional religion, language, and culture until his rule ended in 1959.

Rene Lavec

A news reporter who explained world events to French Canadians from a modern and secular perspective during the emergence of mass television media.

Jean Lesage

The Liberal leader elected Premier of Quebec in 1960 under the campaign slogan "It must change," whose administration initiated major economic and social reforms.

Hydro-Québec Nationalization

The acquisition of the hydroelectricity industry by the Quebec provincial government in 1962 to make it easier to finance, expand, and drive provincial economic development.

Hospital Insurance (1961)

A social reform where hospital costs were covered by the provincial government and hospitals were managed by secular boards rather than religious orders.

Quebec Pension Plan (1966)

A provincial social program established so that the state government would provide financial support and care for elderly citizens.

Family Allowance (1967)

A provincial social assistance reform introduced in 1967 to provide financial support to families with children.

Universal Medical Care (1970)

A major social program implemented in Quebec in 1970 providing government-funded medical coverage to all citizens.

Expo 67

The 1967 World's Fair in Montreal, titled "Man and His World," which connected Quebec to international cultures and showcased its modern openness.

Lester B. Pearson

The Canadian Prime Minister whose Liberal government introduced the new Canadian maple leaf flag inaugurated in 1965.

Bill 16 (1964)

Quebec legislation that ended the paternalistic legal framework for married women, granting them the legal right to sign documents and conduct financial transactions without their husbands' permission.

Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain

A women's rights activist and politician instrumental in securing legal independence and equal civil rights for married women in Quebec.

Bill C-150 (1969)

Federal legislation introduced by the Trudeau government that decriminalized homosexuality in Canada.

Front de libération du Québec (FLQ)

A radical, militant separatist organization that used bombings, vandalism, and kidnappings in an effort to achieve Quebec independence from Canada.

James Cross

A British diplomat kidnapped in 1970 by the FLQ to draw international attention to contempt for British colonialism in Quebec; he was later released.

Pierre Laporte

The Quebec provincial Minister of Labour under the Liberal government who was kidnapped and murdered by the FLQ during the October Crisis of 1970.

War Measures Act (WMA)

Federal emergency legislation invoked by the Trudeau government in 1970 that deployed the military into Quebec and temporarily suspended civil liberties to suppress the FLQ.